Shloka 104

Prayaga-mahatmya

Glory of Prayaga and the Magha Bath at Triveni

Devanagari script

मकरस्थे रवौ माघे न स्नात्यनुदिते रवौ । कथं पापैः प्रमुच्येत कथं वा त्रिदिवं व्रजेत् ॥ १०४ ॥

Transliteration

makarasthe ravau māghe na snātyanudite ravau | kathaṃ pāpaiḥ pramucyeta kathaṃ vā tridivaṃ vrajet || 104 ||

Translation

Khi Mặt Trời ở cung Ma-kara (Ma Kết), vào tháng Māgha—nếu không tắm trước lúc mặt trời mọc—làm sao thoát khỏi tội lỗi, và làm sao có thể đạt đến cõi trời?

Word by Word

• मकरस्थे: when (the sun is) in Capricorn
• मकरस्थे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मकर-स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मकरस्य स्थः)

• रवौ: in the Sun (i.e., when the Sun is...)
• रवौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रवि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• माघे: in (the month of) Māgha
• माघे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माघ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• स्नाति: bathes
• स्नाति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्ना (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• अनुदिते: when (the sun is) not risen
• अनुदिते: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुदित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)

• रवौ: in the Sun (i.e., when the Sun is...)
• रवौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रवि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• कथम्: how?
• कथम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)

• पापैः: by/with sins (from sins)
• पापैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन

• प्रमुच्येत: would be freed
• प्रमुच्येत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-मुच् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• कथम्: how?
• कथम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प-अव्यय (disjunctive/alternative particle)

• त्रिदिवम्: heaven
• त्रिदिवम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिदिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः (त्रयाणां दिवानां/त्रिदिव = स्वर्ग)

• व्रजेत्: would go
• व्रजेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्रज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speaker

Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada, within the Māgha-snāna/Tīrtha-mahātmya discourse)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Māgha-snāna (seasonal observance)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Characters & Entities

• Surya

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It teaches that Māgha-snāna performed before sunrise—especially when the Sun is in Makara—is a prime purifier (pāpa-kṣaya) and a means to attain higher worlds, emphasizing disciplined timing as spiritually efficacious.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By highlighting a vowed, time-bound act (vrata) done with reverence, it frames devotion as steady practice—purification through sacred routine that supports remembrance and worship of the divine during Māgha observances.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Jyotiṣa (Vedic astrology/astronomy) is implied: the efficacy is linked to the Sun’s transit in Makara and the ritual timing of bathing before sunrise (anudita), showing how calendrical science guides vrata performance.