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Shloka 1

Brahmavākya

Brahmā’s Pronouncement on Hari-nāma and the Non-punishability of Viṣṇu’s Devotees

ब्रह्मोवाच । किमाश्चर्यं त्वया दृष्टं कथं वा खिद्यते भवान् । सद्गुणेषु च संतापः स तापो मरणांतिकः ॥ १ ॥

brahmovāca | kimāścaryaṃ tvayā dṛṣṭaṃ kathaṃ vā khidyate bhavān | sadguṇeṣu ca saṃtāpaḥ sa tāpo maraṇāṃtikaḥ || 1 ||

Brahmā nói: “Ngươi đã thấy điều kỳ diệu gì, và vì sao lại ưu phiền? Ngay cả nỗi đau phát sinh liên hệ đến những đức tính tốt—ngọn lửa sầu khổ ấy—cũng chỉ chấm dứt nơi bờ cõi tử vong.”

brahmāBrahmā
brahmā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
kimwhat
kim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; interrogative
āścaryamwonder/astonishing thing
āścaryam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootāścarya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया? (correct: तृतीया) तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; Instrumental ‘by you’
dṛṣṭamseen
dṛṣṭam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛṣṭa (दृष्ट, √dṛś धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formकृदन्त (PPP, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘seen’
kathamhow/why
katham:
Prakāra (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
or/indeed
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive/optional particle)
khidyateis distressed
khidyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√khid (खिद् धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; passive-like in sense ‘is distressed’
bhavānyou (sir)
bhavān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; honorific pronoun ‘you’
sat-guṇeṣuin virtues
sat-guṇeṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsat + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; Locative ‘in good qualities/among virtues’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
saṃtāpaḥaffliction/torment
saṃtāpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃtāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
saḥthat
saḥ:
Anuvāda (अनुवाद/subject-resumption)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
tāpaḥpain/heat (torment)
tāpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
maraṇa-antikaḥending in death
maraṇa-antikaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmaraṇa + antika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘ending in death/leading to death’

Brahma

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

B
Brahma

FAQs

It warns that even seemingly “noble” sorrow attached to virtue can become a consuming inner heat; spiritual progress requires transforming grief into clarity and detachment rather than letting it harden into despair.

By highlighting the danger of mind-born torment, it implies the bhakti remedy: turn distress into surrender and remembrance of the Divine, so virtue becomes humility and service rather than self-consuming anxiety.

No specific Vedanga (like Vyakarana or Jyotisha) is taught here; the practical takeaway is adhyatmic discipline—observing the mind’s saṃtāpa and redirecting it through dharma, satsanga, and contemplative restraint.