Shloka 40

Procedure for the Guḍa-dhenū (Jaggery-Cow) Gift; Ten Dhenu-dānas; Yearlong Gaṅgā Worship and Darśana

Devanagari script

दिने वापि तथा रात्रौ नियमेन च मोहिनि । संवत्सरान्ते तस्यैषा गंगा दिव्यवपुर्द्धरा ॥ ४० ॥

Transliteration

dine vāpi tathā rātrau niyamena ca mohini | saṃvatsarānte tasyaiṣā gaṃgā divyavapurddharā || 40 ||

Translation

Hỡi Mohinī, kẻ mê hoặc lòng người! Dù ban ngày hay ban đêm, nếu ai giữ đúng kỷ luật đã định, thì đến cuối năm, chính Gaṅgā này—mang thân thể thần linh—sẽ hiển lộ cho người ấy.

Word by Word

• दिने: in the daytime
• दिने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; Locative singular (in the day)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय; disjunctive particle (or)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कारक-अव्यय; additive particle (also/even)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थक-अव्यय; adverb (thus/likewise)

• रात्रौ: at night
• रात्रौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; Locative singular (at night)

• नियमेन: with prescribed rule
• नियमेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; Instrumental singular (by rule/with discipline)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय; conjunction (and)

• मोहिनि: O Mohinī
• मोहिनि: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोहिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular (O Mohinī)

• संवत्सरान्ते: at year’s end
• संवत्सरान्ते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; षष्ठी/सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष (संवत्सरस्य अन्तः); Locative singular (at the end of the year)

• तस्य: of him/of that (rite)
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; Genitive singular (of him/of that)

• एषा: this (she)
• एषा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular (this)

• गंगा: Gaṅgā
• गंगा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular

• दिव्यवपुः-धरा: she who bears a divine form
• दिव्यवपुः-धरा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य + वपुस् + धरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (दिव्यं वपुः यस्या सा); Nominative singular feminine qualifying गङ्गा

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Gaṅgā-arcana (sāṃvatsara-vrata implied)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta (wonder)

Secondary Rasa: bhakti (devotion)

Characters & Entities

• Ganga
• Mohini

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It emphasizes that steady niyama (disciplined observance) makes a sacred tirtha’s grace accessible—Gaṅgā is described as becoming spiritually “present” in a divine mode to the devoted practitioner over a completed cycle of time (one year).

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Bhakti here is expressed as consistent practice rather than momentary emotion: day or night, the devotee keeps the vow/discipline, and the deity-like sanctity of Gaṅgā responds by granting darśana/manifest blessing at the proper fruition of time.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

The verse foregrounds ritual discipline and time-reckoning (saṃvatsara, the annual cycle), aligning with practical calendrical observance used in Vedic ritual planning (jyotiṣa-oriented timing) and vrata procedure (niyama).