Description of the Rules for Charitable Gifts and Related Rites
Gaṅgā-māhātmya
स्पर्शनादर्चनं श्रेष्ठं घृतस्नानमतः परम् । प्राहुर्गंगाजलैः स्नानं घृतस्नानसमं बुधाः ॥ २० ॥
sparśanādarcanaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ ghṛtasnānamataḥ param | prāhurgaṃgājalaiḥ snānaṃ ghṛtasnānasamaṃ budhāḥ || 20 ||
Cúng bái (arcana) thù thắng hơn việc chỉ chạm; và cao hơn nữa là tắm bằng bơ ghee. Các bậc hiền trí nói rằng tắm trong nước sông Gaṅgā có công đức ngang với tắm ghee.
Narada (teaching in the context of Tirtha-mahatmya in Uttara-bhaga)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: bhakti
Secondary Rasa: adbhuta
It ranks spiritual acts by inner efficacy: mere contact is least, worship is higher, and sacred bathing is highly purifying—placing Gaṅgā-snāna on par with the especially meritorious ghṛta-snāna.
By stating that arcana (devotional worship) surpasses simple physical contact, it emphasizes intentional reverence and offering-based devotion rather than relying only on proximity to holiness.
Ritual practice (kalpa-style procedure) is implied: distinctions among sparśana, arcana, and snāna reflect graded ritual observances used in tīrtha-yātrā and purification disciplines.