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Shloka 9

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

मूलं तिथेः पितॄणां तु कालज्ञैः प्रियमीरितम् । अतः प्रांतमुपोष्यं हि तिथेर्दशफलेप्सुभिः ॥ ९ ॥

Transliteration

mūlaṃ titheḥ pitṝṇāṃ tu kālajñaiḥ priyamīritam | ataḥ prāṃtamupoṣyaṃ hi titherdaśaphalepsubhiḥ || 9 ||

Translation

“Cốt lõi” của tithi được những bậc thông hiểu thời pháp nói là điều làm đẹp lòng các Pitṛ (tổ tiên). Vì vậy, ai cầu quả báo mười phần của tithi thì nên trai giới cho đến lúc tithi mãn.

Word by Word
मूलम्the root/beginning
मूलम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमूल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)
तिथेःof the tithi
तिथेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन (Singular), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine)
पितॄणाम्of the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितॄणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive/षष्ठी), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थ (but/indeed)
कालज्ञैःby the knowers of time
कालज्ञैः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकालज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक: काल+ज्ञ)
Formतृतीया (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
प्रियम्dear/pleasing (thing)
प्रियम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); कर्म-विशेषण (object complement)
ईरितम्has been declared/said
ईरितम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootईरित (प्रातिपदिक; √ईर्/ईरय्-धातोः क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past passive participle/क्त), प्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); कर्मणि (passive sense)
अतःtherefore
अतः:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), हेत्वर्थ (therefore/from this)
प्रान्तम्the end (portion)
प्रान्तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)
उपोष्यम्to be fasted/observed as fast
उपोष्यम्:
Vidhaya (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootउपोष्य (प्रातिपदिक; √उपवस्-धातोः यत्/ण्यत्-भावे कर्मणि)
Formद्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); विधेय-विशेषण (predicate to implied ‘(प्रान्तम्)’)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), निश्चयार्थ (indeed)
तिथेःof the tithi
तिथेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन (Singular), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine)
दश-फल-एप्सुभिःby those desiring tenfold fruit
दश-फल-एप्सुभिः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदश (प्रातिपदिक) + फल (प्रातिपदिक) + एप्सु (प्रातिपदिक; √आप् ‘to obtain’ इच्छार्थे)
Formतृतीया (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); ‘दशफल’ = tenfold fruit (object desired) + ‘एप्सु’ = desirous
Speaker

Narada (teaching within the Uttara-Bhaga context of ritual timing and observance)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: tithi-vrata (general; not a named vrata)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities
P
Pitrs

FAQs

It teaches that a tithi-observance becomes spiritually effective when it aligns with sacred timing and pleases the Pitṛs; completing the fast through the tithi’s end is presented as the essential discipline that yields amplified merit.

It frames devotion as disciplined observance: honoring divine order through correct timing (kāla-jñāna) and reverence for ancestors, thereby cultivating steadiness and sincerity—qualities that support bhakti-based life practices.

It highlights kāla-nirṇaya (time-determination) connected to Jyotiṣa Vedāṅga—specifically, observing a vrata according to the tithi’s boundaries and completing the fast up to the tithi’s prānta (end portion) for full result.

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