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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 30

Tithi-Nirṇaya for Vratas: Ekādaśī Rules, Saṅkrānti Punya-kāla, Eclipse Observances, and Prāyaścitta

Devanagari script

भूतविद्धेति विख्यातास्रद्भिः शास्त्रविशारदैः । अत्यंतक्षयपक्षे तु परेद्युर्नापराह्णगा ॥ ३० ॥

Transliteration

bhūtaviddheti vikhyātāsradbhiḥ śāstraviśāradaiḥ | atyaṃtakṣayapakṣe tu paredyurnāparāhṇagā || 30 ||

Translation

Trong hàng tín đồ am tường kinh điển, điều ấy được biết đến với danh xưng “Bhūtaviddhā”. Nhưng khi tithi bị kṣaya cực mạnh, thì phải cử hành vào ngày hôm sau—không phải vào buổi chiều của ngày danh nghĩa ấy.

Word by Word
भूतविद्धा(the tithi called) Bhūtaviddhā
भूतविद्धा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootभूत + विद्धा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: भूतैः विद्धा = ‘pierced/affected by bhūtas’ i.e., a technical tithi-name); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
इतिthus (called)
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, इत्यादि-उद्धरणसूचक (quotative particle)
विख्याताis known/renowned
विख्याता:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ख्या (धातु) → विख्यात (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘is renowned/known’
श्राद्धैःby/with śrāddhas (rites)
श्राद्धैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
शास्त्रविशारदैःby those skilled in the scriptures
शास्त्रविशारदैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र + विशारद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: शास्त्रे विशारद = expert in scriptures); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
अत्यन्तक्षयपक्षेin the case of extreme shortening
अत्यन्तक्षयपक्षे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Condition-Context)
TypeNoun
Rootअत्यन्त + क्षय + पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: अत्यन्त-क्षयस्य पक्षः = the side/case of extreme decrease); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)
परेद्युःon the next day
परेद्युः:
Kāla (काल/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरेद्युस् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिकवत्)
Formअव्यय, कालवाचक (temporal adverb: on the next day)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध (negation particle)
अपराह्णगाextending into the afternoon
अपराह्णगा:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअपराह्ण + गा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमास (Tatpurusha: अपराह्णं गच्छति/गता = going into the afternoon); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of tithi)
Speaker

Narada (teaching within a dharma/vrata calendrical discussion)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Amāvāsyā timing (bhūtaviddhā case)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

It emphasizes śāstra-based precision in dharma: spiritual merit depends not only on devotion but also on correctly determining the observance time (kāla) when calendrical anomalies like tithi-kṣaya occur.

Bhakti is protected from error by following scriptural timing rules; the verse implies that sincere devotion should be aligned with correct vrata-kāla, especially when the tithi is ‘lost’ and the observance must shift to the next day.

Jyotiṣa/Vedāṅga calendrics (pañcāṅga logic): recognizing tithi-kṣaya and applying the rule that in extreme kṣaya cases the observance is on the next day, not in the aparāhṇa of the nominal day.

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