Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 2

Pāpa-bheda, Naraka-yātanā, Mahāpātaka-vicāra, Atonement Limits, Daśa-vidhā Bhakti, and Gaṅgā as Final Remedy

Devanagari script

पापिनो ये दुरात्मानो नरकाग्निषु सन्ततम् । पच्यन्ते येषु तान्वक्ष्ये भयंकरफलप्रदान् ॥ २ ॥

Transliteration

pāpino ye durātmāno narakāgniṣu santatam | pacyante yeṣu tānvakṣye bhayaṃkaraphalapradān || 2 ||

Translation

Những kẻ tội lỗi, tâm địa ác, bị nấu thiêu không ngừng trong lửa địa ngục. Ta sẽ mô tả những ngọn lửa ấy, vốn ban cho quả báo kinh hoàng.

Word by Word

• pāpinaḥ: sinners
• pāpinaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ye: who
• ye: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; relative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun

• durātmānaḥ: evil-souled ones
• durātmānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; appositive to pāpinaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dur-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); कर्मधारय: ‘duṣṭa ātmā’

• naraka-agniṣu: in the fires of hell
• naraka-agniṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naraka (प्रातिपदिक) + agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘fires of hell’

• santatam: continually
• santatam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: santata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative used as avyaya (क्रियाविशेषण; ‘constantly’)

• pacyante: are cooked/tormented
• pacyante: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pac (पच् धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yeṣu: in which
• yeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; in which)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun

• tān: those (hells)
• tān: Karma (कर्म; object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• vakṣye: I shall describe
• vakṣye: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 1st Person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhayaṃkara-phala-pradān: bestowing terrifying results
• bhayaṃkara-phala-pradān: Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्मसमानाधिकरण; object complement to tān)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhayaṃkara (प्रातिपदिक) + phala (प्रातिपदिक) + prada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘giving fruits that are fearsome’ / ‘bestowing terrifying results’

Speaker

Unspecified narrator/speaker (first-person: “I shall describe”).

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Characters & Entities

• {'entity': 'naraka', 'type': 'place/concept', 'note': 'hell (a realm of punishment in Indic cosmology)'}
• {'entity': 'agni', 'type': 'element/concept', 'note': 'fire; here, the fires of hell'}
• {'entity': 'pāpinaḥ', 'type': 'group', 'note': 'sinners'}
• {'entity': 'durātmānaḥ', 'type': 'group', 'note': 'evil-minded persons'}

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