Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 78

Jyotiṣa-śāstra Saṅgraha: Threefold Division, Gaṇita Methods, Muhūrta, and Planetary Reckoning

Devanagari script

अथाधिमासकैर्युक्ता दिनीकृत्य दिनान्विताः । द्विस्थास्तितिक्षयाभ्यस्ताश्चांद्रवासरभाजिताः ॥ ७८ ॥

Transliteration

athādhimāsakairyuktā dinīkṛtya dinānvitāḥ | dvisthāstitikṣayābhyastāścāṃdravāsarabhājitāḥ || 78 ||

Translation

Rồi, sau khi được điều chỉnh bằng các tháng nhuận (adhimāsa), các phép tính (âm lịch) được chuyển thành phép đếm ngày và biểu thị bằng số ngày; chúng được sắp đặt theo hai vị trí, rèn theo nguyên lý tăng và giảm (tithi tăng và tithi mất), và được phân phối theo các “ngày trong tuần” của hệ đếm ngày âm (lunar weekdays).

Word by Word

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भार्थक (discourse marker: ‘then/now’)

• adhi-māsakaiḥ: with intercalary months
• adhi-māsakaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhi (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + māsa (प्रातिपदिक) + ka (प्रत्यय; diminutive/derivative)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (adhimāsa = intercalary month; adhi- ‘additional’)

• yuktāḥ: joined/combined
• yuktāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yukta (कृदन्त; √yuj युज्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle)

• dinī-kṛtya: having converted into days
• dinī-kṛtya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dinī (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛ (धातु; √kṛ कृ)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive); ‘having made into days’

• dina-anvitāḥ: provided with days
• dina-anvitāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dina (प्रातिपदिक) + anvita (कृदन्त; √i/√vī? anv- as ‘endowed with’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (dinaiḥ anvita = endowed with days)

• dvi-sthāḥ: twofold / in two positions
• dvi-sthāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + sthā (प्रातिपदिक from √sthā स्था)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; द्विगु/संख्यापूर्वपद-समासः (twofold/standing in two)

• titikṣayā: by endurance/forbearance
• titikṣayā: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: titikṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन

• abhyastāḥ: practised/repeated
• abhyastāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhyasta (कृदन्त; √as/√abhyas अभ्यास्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• cāṃdra-vāsara-bhājitāḥ: divided into lunar days
• cāṃdra-vāsara-bhājitāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cāṃdra (प्रातिपदिक) + vāsara (प्रातिपदिक) + bhājita (कृदन्त; √bhaj भज्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त ‘divided/portioned’; तत्पुरुषः (cāṃdra-vāsara = lunar day)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It emphasizes that correct sacred timing (kāla-niyama) for vrata and ritual duty depends on precise calendrical reconciliation—especially the use of adhika-māsa and the handling of tithi variation—so dharma is practiced in harmony with cosmic order.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Bhakti practices such as Ekādaśī, fasts, and festival worship rely on accurate tithi and month determination; this verse supports devotion by ensuring observances are performed on their proper lunar dates, strengthening niyama (disciplined worship).

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa (astronomical/astrological timekeeping): the adjustment via adhika-māsa, converting lunar reckonings into day-counts, and accounting for tithi increase/loss (vriddhi/kṣaya) when mapping lunar time to weekdays.