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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 55

Jyotiṣa-śāstra Saṅgraha: Threefold Division, Gaṇita Methods, Muhūrta, and Planetary Reckoning

Devanagari script

मिथोघ्नाति भजेत्स्वाक्षेशैर्द्रोणादिमितिर्भवेत् । विस्ताराद्यं गुलान्येवं मिथोघ्नान्यपसांभवेत् ॥ ५५ ॥

Transliteration

mithoghnāti bhajetsvākṣeśairdroṇādimitirbhavet | vistārādyaṃ gulānyevaṃ mithoghnānyapasāṃbhavet || 55 ||

Translation

Bằng cách chia lượng gọi là mithoghnā theo các aṅgula (bề rộng ngón tay) của chính mình, sẽ thu được các lượng chuẩn bắt đầu từ droṇa. Cũng vậy, từ bề ngang và các độ dài khác, các đơn vị gulā và những tiểu đơn vị liên hệ được tạo ra nhờ sự phân chia theo tỷ lệ như thế.

Word by Word
मिथःmutually
मिथः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya; adverb meaning 'mutually/one another'
घ्नातिstrikes/cancels
घ्नाति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; from √हन् 'to strike/kill' (here: 'to cancel/strike off')
भजेत्should divide
भजेत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भज् (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular; 'should divide'
स्व-अक्ष-ईशैःby one’s own eyes (i.e., by observation)
स्व-अक्ष-ईशैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक) + अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; तत्पुरुष: 'lords of (their) eyes' i.e., 'by one’s own eyes' (idiomatic)
द्रोण-आदि-मितिःthe droṇa etc. measure
द्रोण-आदि-मितिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + मिति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष: 'measure beginning with droṇa'
भवेत्would be/should be
भवेत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular
विस्तार-आद्यम्(that) beginning with breadth
विस्तार-आद्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootविस्तार (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; 'beginning with breadth' (as a set)
गुलानिgulas (units)
गुलानि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगुल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Plural; unit-name 'gula' (measure)
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb 'thus/in this way'
मिथःmutually
मिथः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya; adverb 'mutually'
घ्नानिcanceling/offsetting
घ्नानि:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootघ्न (कृदन्त; √हन् धातु)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural; present participial/agentive derivative 'striking/canceling' used adjectivally with implied 'मानानि' (measures)
अपसाम्of water
अपसाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootअप् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; 'of waters'
भवेत्should be
भवेत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular
Speaker

Narada (teaching in a technical/dharma-measurement context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

It emphasizes that dharma and ritual action must be performed with precision—standardized measures (for liquids and quantities) protect the correctness of offerings and disciplined practice.

Indirectly: bhakti in the Purāṇic tradition is supported by correct pūjā and offerings; accurate measurement reflects sincerity and care in service, preventing negligence in devotional rites.

A practical, śāstra-based system of metrology used in ritual and dharma contexts—deriving larger and smaller units (e.g., droṇa, gulā) through proportional division using aṅgula as a reference.

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