Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 90

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

कर्ता कारक इत्याद्या भूते भूतादि कीर्तितम् । गम्यादिगम्ये निर्दिष्टं शेषमद्यतने मतम् ॥ ९० ॥

Transliteration

kartā kāraka ityādyā bhūte bhūtādi kīrtitam | gamyādigamye nirdiṣṭaṃ śeṣamadyatane matam || 90 ||

Translation

Trong thì quá khứ (bhūta), các nghĩa như “tác nhân” (kartṛ) và “quan hệ cách” (kāraka) được giải thích dưới mục “bhūta” cùng các dạng liên hệ. Cũng vậy, nhóm bắt đầu bằng “gamya” được quy định cho điều “cần đạt đến/cần hiểu”. Những dạng còn lại được xem thuộc hiện tại (adyatana).

Word by Word

• कर्ता: agent/doer
• कर्ता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• कारकः: kāraka (syntactic role)
• कारकः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (उद्धरण-निपात)

• आद्याः: and the like / beginning with
• आद्याः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; ‘beginning with …’ (elliptic)

• भूते: in the past (tense)
• भूते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in the past’

• भूत-आदि: ‘bhūta’ etc. (past-related set)
• भूत-आदि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष in sense ‘bhūta etc.’ (भूतं च आदिः) used as a technical label

• कीर्तितम्: is declared
• कीर्तितम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कीर्त् (धातु)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (कृत्: क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; passive ‘is stated’

• गम्य-आदि-गम्ये: in ‘gāmya’ etc. (category)
• गम्य-आदि-गम्ये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गम्य (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + गम्य (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; compound meaning ‘in (the set) gāmya etc.’ (technical)

• निर्दिष्टम्: is specified
• निर्दिष्टम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि√दिश् (धातु)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (कृत्: क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘is specified’

• शेषम्: the remainder
• शेषम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अद्यतने: in the present (today)
• अद्यतने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्यतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in the present-day (tense)’

• मतम्: is held/considered
• मतम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; predicate nominal ‘is considered’ (elliptic)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a technical Vedanga-style exposition)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It links Moksha-Dharma study with disciplined śāstric understanding: accurate grammatical and semantic classification (kāraka, tense-categories) is presented as a tool for correct comprehension of scripture and right practice.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: by insisting on precise meaning in language, it safeguards correct interpretation of Vishnu-bhakti teachings—so devotion is guided by right understanding rather than confusion about scriptural statements.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): it outlines how certain semantic roles and word-sets are mapped to past, “gamya” (to-be-reached/understood) usage, and the remaining to the present—supporting precise analysis of Vedic and Purāṇic sentences.