Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 49

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

अपरश्चतुरोऽप्येतद्यावत्तत्किमसौ द्वयम् । युष्मदस्मञ्च प्रथमश्चरमोल्पस्तथार्धकः ॥ ४९ ॥

Transliteration

aparaścaturo'pyetadyāvattatkimasau dvayam | yuṣmadasmañca prathamaścaramolpastathārdhakaḥ || 49 ||

Translation

Lại nữa, có bốn dạng của “etad” cho đến “tat”; và có hai đại từ “kim” và “asau”. Cũng vậy, “yuṣmad” và “asmad” — các dạng đầu và dạng cuối — cùng với các dạng “alpa” (nhỏ/phiếm chỉ) và “ardhaka” (nửa/phần) đều cần được hiểu rõ.

Word by Word

• aparaḥ: other; western; later
• aparaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• caturo: four
• caturo: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catur (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषण (numeral adjective)

• api: also; even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कारार्थक अव्यय (also/even)

• etat: this
• etat: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• yāvat: as much as; up to
• yāvat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yāvat (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययप्राय)
• Form: परिमाण/अवधिबोधक अव्यय (as much as; up to)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• kim: what?
• kim: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक (interrogative)

• asau: that (yonder)
• asau: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asau (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; दूरवाचक सर्वनाम (that yonder)

• dvayam: a pair; twofold
• dvayam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; द्वय-शब्द (pair)

• yuṣmad: of you
• yuṣmad: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; (of you)

• asmad: of us
• asmad: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; (of us)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• prathamaḥ: first
• prathamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prathama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• caramaḥ: last; final
• caramaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: carama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• alpaḥ: small; little
• alpaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: alpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• tathā: thus; likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (thus/so)

• ardhakaḥ: a half; half-portion
• ardhakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ardhaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

Speaker

Narada (teaching in a Vedanga/Vyakarana-style enumeration within Moksha Dharma discourse)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames disciplined study (especially Vyākaraṇa/grammar) as part of dharmic training—clarity of language supports clarity of thought and scripture-understanding, which in turn steadies one on Moksha Dharma.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: Bhakti in the Purana rests on correct comprehension and recitation of sacred texts; this verse highlights foundational linguistic categories (pronouns) that aid accurate study and transmission of Vishnu-centered teachings.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (Sanskrit grammar): a cataloging of pronoun bases such as etad/tat, kim/asau, and the personal pronouns yuṣmad/asmad—useful for correct declension and precise scriptural interpretation.