Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 18

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

तिप्त संतीति प्रथमो मध्यमः सिप्थस्थोत्तमः । मिव्वस्मसः परस्मै तु पादानां चा मपनेदम् ॥ १८ ॥

Transliteration

tipta saṃtīti prathamo madhyamaḥ sipthasthottamaḥ | mivvasmasaḥ parasmai tu pādānāṃ cā mapanedam || 18 ||

Translation

“Tipta” và “saṃtīti” được hiểu là dạng thứ nhất và dạng trung gian; “sipthastha” là dạng tối thượng (dạng cuối). Đối với parasmaipada (lối chủ động), cũng có quy tắc lược bỏ (tỉnh lược) các yếu tố ở phần chân/đuôi (pāda) — đó là điều đã được nêu thành luật.

Word by Word

• तिप्: ‘tip’ (3rd person singular parasmaipada ending)
• तिप्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिप् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम (technical term), प्रथमा (1st) एकवचन (Singular)

• तस्: ‘tas’ (3rd person dual parasmaipada ending)
• तस्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तस् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• झि: ‘jhi’ (3rd person plural parasmaipada ending)
• झि: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: झि (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• प्रथमः: the first (person)
• प्रथमः: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘first (person)’ (technical)

• मध्यमः: the middle/second (person)
• मध्यमः: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘middle/second (person)’ (technical)

• सिप्: ‘sip’ (2nd person singular parasmaipada ending)
• सिप्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिप् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• थस्: ‘thas’ (2nd person dual parasmaipada ending)
• थस्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: थस् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• थ: ‘tha’ (2nd person plural parasmaipada ending)
• थ: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: थ (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• उत्तमः: the highest/first (person)
• उत्तमः: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘highest/first (person)’ (technical: 1st person)

• मि: ‘mi’ (1st person singular parasmaipada ending)
• मि: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मि (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• वस्: ‘vas’ (1st person dual parasmaipada ending)
• वस्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• मस्: ‘mas’ (1st person plural parasmaipada ending)
• मस्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मस् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन

• परस्मै: for the parasmaipada
• परस्मै: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परस्मै (प्रातिपदिक; परस्मैपद-शब्दः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (technical term treated as neuter), चतुर्थी (4th), एकवचन; ‘for parasmaipada’

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक

• पादानाम्: of the endings
• पादानाम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Possessive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; ‘of the padas/endings’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• आत्मने: for the ātmanepada
• आत्मने: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मने (प्रातिपदिक; आत्मनेपद-शब्दः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (technical term treated as neuter), चतुर्थी, एकवचन; ‘for ātmanepada’

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; deictic pronoun

Speaker

Narada (in an instructional/technical exposition, consistent with Vedanga-style rules within the Moksha-Dharma section)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

Even within Moksha-Dharma, the Purana preserves Vedanga-style precision: correct speech, correct textual transmission, and disciplined learning are treated as supportive disciplines (sādhana) that steady the mind for dharma and liberation.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: bhakti in the Narada tradition is strengthened by śravaṇa (hearing) and kīrtana (recitation). Technical clarity about forms and endings safeguards accurate recitation and study, which are foundational devotional acts.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa and related technical instruction (with a chandas/pāda orientation): it references parasmaipada usage and the principle of apane(d)am—elision/removal of certain ending-units in transmitted forms.