Threefold Suffering, Twofold Knowledge, and the Definition of Bhagavān (Vāsudeva); Prelude to Keśidhvaja–Janaka Yoga
परमार्थः कथं कोऽत्र यूयं नात्र विचक्षणाः । इत्युक्त्वा समुपेत्यैंनं स तु केशिध्वजं नृपम् ॥ ७४ ॥
paramārthaḥ kathaṃ ko'tra yūyaṃ nātra vicakṣaṇāḥ | ityuktvā samupetyaiṃnaṃ sa tu keśidhvajaṃ nṛpam || 74 ||
“Ở đây làm sao có được paramārtha—chân lý tối thượng? Các ngươi chẳng sáng suốt trong việc này.” Nói vậy rồi, ông tiến đến gần vua Keśidhvaja.
Narrator (Purāṇic narration; dialogue context within the Keśidhvaja episode)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: vira
It stresses viveka (discernment): without clear insight, people mistake lesser aims for paramārtha, so the seeker turns toward a truly qualified source of guidance.
Indirectly, it sets a prerequisite for bhakti—proper discernment—so devotion is directed toward the right teaching and the right object (the Supreme), not toward confused opinions.
The key practical takeaway is viveka in interpreting teaching—akin to careful application of Vyākaraṇa/Nirukta-style precision—so that “paramārtha” is not misunderstood through careless reading or hearing.