Shloka 35

Adhyaya 82 — The Rise of Mahishasura and the Manifestation of the Goddess from the Gods’ Tejas

Sanskrit

दृष्ट्वा समस्तं संक्षुब्धं त्रैलोक्यममरारयः ।

सन्नद्धाखिलसैन्यास्ते समुत्तस्थुरुदायुधाः ॥

Transliteration

dṛṣṭvā samastaṃ saṃkṣubdhaṃ trailokyam amarārayaḥ |

sannaddhākhila-sainyās te samuttasthur udāyudhāḥ ||

Translation

Thấy toàn thể tam giới bị đảo lộn, bọn thù địch của chư thiên, sau khi vũ trang toàn bộ binh lực, liền đứng dậy, tay cầm vũ khí tiến ra.

Word by Word

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त), from √dṛś ‘to see’; expresses prior action

• samastam: entire
• samastam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samasta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying ‘trailokyam’

• saṃkṣubdham: agitated, in turmoil
• saṃkṣubdham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃkṣubdha (प्रातिपदिक; past passive participle)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; PPP (क्त-प्रत्यय) from √kṣubh with prefix sam- ‘to be agitated’; qualifies ‘trailokyam’

• trailokyam: the three worlds
• trailokyam: Karma (कर्म; object of ‘dṛṣṭvā’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: trailokya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; dvigu compound: tri + loka → ‘three worlds’

• amarārayaḥ: enemies of the gods
• amarārayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; subject of ‘samuttasthuḥ’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amara-ari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: amara ‘gods’ + ari ‘enemy’

• sannaddha-akhila-sainyāḥ: with all their forces armed
• sannaddha-akhila-sainyāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sannaddha (प्रातिपदिक) + akhila (प्रातिपदिक) + sainya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; bahuvrīhi ‘those whose entire army is armed/arrayed’ (समस्तसेन्य-विशेषण)

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता; co-referential subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; demonstrative pronoun referring to ‘amarārayaḥ’

• samuttasthuḥ: rose up
• samuttasthuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut-sthā (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); with prefix sam-ut-; ‘they rose up’

• udāyudhāḥ: with weapons raised/ready
• udāyudhāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ud-āyudha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; bahuvrīhi ‘those having weapons raised/ready’ (ud + āyudha)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Devi Mahatmyam (frame traditionally: Mārkaṇḍeya recounting to a listener; commonly Medhas to Suratha & Samādhi in this section)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devī (Chāṇḍikā/Durgā)
• Asuras (amara-arayaḥ)

Shakti Aspects

• Devī/Chāṇḍikā (implied; the battle-context of the Goddess’ manifestation)

Key Themes

• Shaktism
• Cosmic conflict
• Protection of the worlds
• Mobilization for dharma-yuddha

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

When adharma swells, it disturbs not merely society but the cosmic order (trailokya). The verse frames evil as reactive—arming itself when the Divine presence becomes unmistakable.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily within Vaṃśānucarita/Carita-style narrative (descriptive sacred history) rather than Sarga/Pratisarga. It is a theologically charged episode embedded in the Purāṇic narrative stream.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Three worlds in upheaval’ signals a total psycho-cosmic disruption when the egoic/daemonic principle confronts Śakti; the arming of the asuras symbolizes the mind’s intensification of resistance at the threshold of transformation.