Shloka 3

Adhyaya 82 — The Rise of Mahishasura and the Manifestation of the Goddess from the Gods’ Tejas

Sanskrit

ततः पराजिता देवाः पद्मयोनिं प्रजापतिम् ।

पुरस्कृत्य गतास्तत्र यत्रेश-गरुडध्वजौ ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ parājitā devāḥ padmayoniṃ prajāpatim | puraskṛtya gatās tatra yatreśa-garuḍadhvajau ||

Translation

Bấy giờ, các vị thần bại trận, tôn Prajāpati sinh từ hoa sen (Brahmā) làm người dẫn đầu, rồi đi đến nơi có Īśa (Śiva) và Đấng mang cờ Garuḍa (Viṣṇu).

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तस्मात्/अनन्तरम् (thereupon/from that)

• पराजिताः: defeated
• पराजिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराजि (धातु) → पराजित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of devāḥ)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• पद्मयोनिम्: the lotus-born (Brahmā)
• पद्मयोनिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद्म+योनि (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (padmaṃ yoniḥ yasya = Brahmā)

• प्रजापतिम्: Prajāpati
• प्रजापतिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजापति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; पद्मयोनिम् इत्यस्य समानाधिकरण (apposition)

• पुरस्कृत्य: having put in front; having taken as leader
• पुरस्कृत्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पुरस्+कृ (धातु) → पुरस्कृत्य (क्त्वान्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/क्त्वा); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (having placed in front/approached with as leader)

• गताः: went
• गताः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP/क्त) used as finite sense; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (they went)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative adverb: where)

• ईशः: Īśa (Śiva)
• ईशः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• गरुडध्वजौ: the one with Garuḍa as his banner (Viṣṇu)
• गरुडध्वजौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गरुड+ध्वज (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (garuḍaḥ dhvajaḥ yasya = Viṣṇu)

Speakers

• Ṛṣi (narrator)

Primary Deities

• Brahmā
• Śiva (Īśa)
• Viṣṇu (Garuḍadhvaja)

Shakti Aspects

• Implied: the devas will seek a power beyond themselves
• culminating in Devī’s emergence from combined tejas

Key Themes

• Seeking refuge
• Divine council
• Triad involvement (Brahmā-Śiva-Viṣṇu)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

In crisis, even the mighty seek higher counsel; humility and coordinated effort are prerequisites for restoration of order.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara narrative with a theologically significant convergence of deities leading to the Devī’s avatāra-like manifestation.

What is the esoteric significance?

Approaching Śiva and Viṣṇu with Brahmā in front indicates that creation (Brahmā) seeks preservation and dissolution-transformation powers—foreshadowing their synthesis into Śakti.