Shloka 18

Adhyaya 82 — The Rise of Mahishasura and the Manifestation of the Goddess from the Gods’ Tejas

Sanskrit

ततः समस्तदेवानां तेजोराशिसमुद्भवाम् ।

तां विलोक्य मुदं प्रापुरमराः महिषार्दिताः ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ samasta-devānāṃ tejo-rāśi-samudbhavām |

tāṃ vilokya mudaṃ prāpur amarā mahiṣārditāḥ ||

Translation

Rồi khi thấy Nàng—được sinh khởi từ khối hào quang hội tụ của tất cả chư thần—các bậc bất tử, vốn bị Quỷ Trâu hành hạ, liền đạt được niềm hoan hỷ.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: देश-कालाधिकरण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) ‘thereupon/from that’

• समस्तदेवानाम्: of all the gods
• समस्तदेवानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समस्त-देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘समस्ताः देवाः’ → ‘of all the gods’

• तेजोराशिसमुद्भवाम्: born from a mass of radiance
• तेजोराशिसमुद्भवाम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तेजस्-राशि-समुद्भवा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः: ‘तेजसां राशेः समुद्भवा’ qualifying ‘ताम्’

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘her’

• विलोक्य: having seen
• विलोक्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Gerund; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि+लोक् (धातु) → विलोक्य (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; ‘having seen’

• मुदम्: joy
• मुदम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुद्/मुदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘joy’

• प्रापुः: attained
• प्रापुः: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र+आप् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘attained’

• अमराः: the gods
• अमराः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; ‘immortals/gods’

• महिषार्दिताः: tormented by the Buffalo(-demon)
• महिषार्दिताः: विशेषण (Adjectival to subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महिष-अर्दित (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्ताधारित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘महिषेण अर्दिताः’ (instrumental relation); qualifies ‘amarāḥ’

Speakers

• Devi Mahatmyam narrator (within Markandeya Purana’s frame narration)

Primary Deities

• Devī (Mahādevī)
• Devas (collective)
• Mahīṣāsura

Shakti Aspects

• Mahādevī as the collective divine response to Mahīṣāsura

Key Themes

• Shaktism
• Divine intervention
• Relief of the gods
• Mahishasura episode

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

When oppression (adharma) reaches a limit, hope arises through a higher integration of power and wisdom; the devas’ joy signals the restoration of moral confidence when a righteous protector manifests.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is a devī-carita (divine deed narrative) embedded within the Purāṇa’s larger composition, not a manvantara chronology or genealogical sequence.

What is the esoteric significance?

Mahīṣa symbolizes tamas and brute inertia; the ‘tejo-rāśi’ indicates concentrated consciousness-force (cit-śakti) forming an archetypal power capable of transforming tamasic domination.