Shloka 4

Adhyaya 81 — Suratha and Samadhi Seek Sage Medhas; Introduction to Mahamaya and the Madhukaitabha Origin Account

Sanskrit

तस्य पालयतः सम्यक् प्रजाः पुत्रानिवौरसान् ।

बभूवुः शत्रवो भूपाः कोलाविध्वंसिनस्तथा ॥

Transliteration

tasya pālayataḥ samyak prajāḥ putrān ivaurasān |

babhūvuḥ śatravo bhūpāḥ kolā-vidhvaṃsinas tathā ||

Translation

Khi nhà vua bảo hộ thần dân đúng đạo, như đối với những người con ruột chính thống của mình, các vua thù địch nổi lên—cũng là những kẻ hủy diệt bộ tộc Kola.

Word by Word

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; pronoun

• pālayataḥ: while he was protecting
• pālayataḥ: Kāla/Hetu-sambandha (काल/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pālaya (पालय, causative stem) from pāl (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ-pratyaya present active participle (वर्तमानकाले शतृ), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; 'while protecting/of (one) protecting'

• samyak: properly, well
• samyak: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• prajāḥ: the subjects/people
• prajāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prajā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• putrān: sons
• putrān: Upamāna (उपमान) with iva
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, simile particle (उपमा-निपात)

• aurasān: own, legitimate (born of the body)
• aurasān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aurasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural; agrees with putrān

• babhūvuḥ: became/were
• babhūvuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (लिट्, perfect), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

• śatravaḥ: enemies
• śatravaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (of implied 'became')
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• bhūpāḥ: kings
• bhūpāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; in apposition to śatravaḥ

• kolā-vidhvaṃsinaḥ: destroyers of the Kolā(s)
• kolā-vidhvaṃsinaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of bhūpāḥ/śatravaḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kolā (प्रातिपदिक) + vidhvaṃsin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; tatpuruṣa: 'destroyers of Kolā(s)' (kolā = a people/tribe or name)

• tathā: also, likewise
• tathā: Samuccaya/Emphasis (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb/particle (क्रियाविशेषण/निपात)

Speakers

• Narrator within the Devi Mahatmyam frame

Key Themes

• Fragility of political order
• Rise of hostility despite good governance
• Historical-ethnographic note (Kolas)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Righteous conduct does not guarantee absence of external conflict; dharma is to protect and act rightly even when opposition arises.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara/vaṃśānucarita (dynastic accounts): it continues the manvantara-situated royal narrative, typical of purāṇic genealogical storytelling.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Enemies arising’ reflects the surfacing of inner vāsanās (latent tendencies) even when one’s life seems well-ordered; the story prepares for the teaching on Mahāmāyā.