Shloka 43

Adhyaya 76 — The Sixth Manvantara: Cakshusha Manu, the Child-Snatcher, and the Problem of Kinship

Sanskrit

ब्रह्मोवाच क्षीणाधिकारो भवति मुक्तियोग्यो न कर्मवान् ।

सत्त्वाधिकारवान् मुक्तिमवाप्स्यति ततो भवान् ॥

Transliteration

brahmovāca kṣīṇādhikāro bhavati muktiyogyo na karmavān / sattvādhikāravān muktim avāpsyati tato bhavān

Translation

Phạm Thiên (Brahmā) phán: “Người mà tư cách/điều kiện (adhikāra) đã cạn thì trở nên xứng hợp với giải thoát (mokṣa), chứ không phải kẻ còn bị trói buộc vào hành nghiệp. Nhưng ai có adhikāra nhờ tính thanh tịnh (sattva) sẽ đạt giải thoát; vì thế, ngươi cũng sẽ đạt được.”

Word by Word

• brahmā: Brahmā
• brahmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• kṣīṇa-adhikāraḥ: one with diminished entitlement (to ritual action)
• kṣīṇa-adhikāraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣīṇa (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + adhikāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (kṣīṇaḥ adhikāraḥ yasya/saḥ = whose entitlement is diminished / diminished entitlement)

• bhavati: becomes / is
• bhavati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• mukti-yogyaḥ: fit for liberation
• mukti-yogyaḥ: Predicative (विशेष्य-विशेषण-भाव)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mukti (प्रातिपदिक) + yogya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (muktyai yogyaḥ = fit for liberation)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• karmavān: one engaged in (ritual) action
• karmavān: Predicative (विशेष्य-विशेषण-भाव)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (तद्धित प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; वत्-प्रत्ययान्त (possessing actions/ritual activity)

• sattva-adhikāra-vān: one possessing the qualification of sattva (purity)
• sattva-adhikāra-vān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sattva (प्रातिपदिक) + adhikāra (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (तद्धित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (sattvasya adhikāraḥ = entitlement to sattva/knowledge) + वत्-प्रत्यय (possessing)

• muktim: liberation
• muktim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mukti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• avāpsyati: will attain
• avāpsyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (धातु) उपसर्गः अव-
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• tataḥ: therefore / from that
• tataḥ: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपादान/हेतु-अर्थे (from that/therefore)

• bhavān: you
• bhavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; आदरार्थक-प्रयोग (honorific 'you')

Speakers

• Brahmā to Ānanda

Primary Deities

• Brahmā

Key Themes

• Sattva and liberation
• Adhikāra
• Karma and renunciation
• Moksha

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is linked to inner qualification (sattva, clarity, dispassion) rather than sheer activity; action performed under binding compulsion differs from action aligned with purification and release.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Still within the manvantara stream (manvantara), this is a doctrinal aside explaining the moral-spiritual prerequisites that underwrite cosmic offices like Manu and their eventual liberation.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Adhikāra’ can be read as the remaining momentum of embodied destiny; when it is attenuated and sattva predominates, consciousness can disengage from compulsory becoming.