Shloka 13

Adhyaya 59 — Cosmic Geography and Yuga-Order: Bhadrashva, Ketumala, and the Northern Kuru Region

Sanskrit

विशोको वर्धमानश्च सप्तैते कुलपर्वताः ।

अन्ये सहस्रशः शैला येषु लोकगणः स्थितः ॥

Transliteration

viśoko vardhamānaśca saptaite kulaparvatāḥ | anye sahasraśaḥ śailā yeṣu lokagaṇaḥ sthitaḥ ||

Translation

Viśoka và Vardhamāna—hợp lại thành bảy ngọn—đều là các “núi tộc” (kulaparvata). Lại còn có hàng nghìn núi khác, nơi vô số loài hữu tình cư trú.

Word by Word

• viśokaḥ: Viśoka (a mountain)
• viśokaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name (पर्वतनाम)

• vardhamānaḥ: Vardhamāna (a mountain)
• vardhamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vardhamāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name (पर्वतनाम)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• sapta: seven
• sapta: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sapta (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral adjective (संख्याविशेषण), indeclinable-like in form; qualifying 'ete kulaparvatāḥ'

• ete: these
• ete: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (एतद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun (सर्वनाम)

• kula-parvatāḥ: chief mountains
• kula-parvatāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kula (प्रातिपदिक) + parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'kulasya parvatāḥ' = principal/family mountains

• anye: others
• anye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sahasraśaḥ: by thousands
• sahasraśaḥ: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasraśas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण): distributive 'by thousands/in thousands'

• śailāḥ: mountains
• śailāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yeṣu: in which
• yeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun (सर्वनाम) referring to śailāḥ

• loka-gaṇaḥ: multitude of people
• loka-gaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'lokānāṃ gaṇaḥ'

• sthitaḥ: is situated; stands
• sthitaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (स्था धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त/क्तप्रत्यय), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used predicatively with loka-gaṇaḥ

Speakers

• Frame narrator (Purāṇic rishi voice) describing sacred geography

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Geography
• Inhabited Worlds

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The cosmos is portrayed as layered habitats: principal ‘support’ mountains (kulaparvatas) and innumerable secondary peaks, emphasizing plurality within cosmic order.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna (the arrangement of realms and supports), with a descriptive purāṇic catalog style.

What is the esoteric significance?

Kulaparvatas can be read as ‘pillars’ of a subtle body of the world—stable axes around which life and experience are distributed.