Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 75

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

एकादश तथैवाऽन्यदपत्यं तस्य वै दिने ।

अन्यद्दिनाभिगमने श्राद्धदाने तथाऽपरे ॥

Transliteration

ekādaśa tathaivānyad apatyam tasya vai dine | anyad dinābhigamane śrāddha-dāne tathāpare ||

Translation

Vào ngày thứ mười một, cũng nói rằng trong ngày ấy sẽ có một loại con cái nhất định (được thụ thai). Vào một ngày khác, khi tiến đến sự giao hợp, và vào những ngày khác nữa, liên hệ đến lễ śrāddha và việc bố thí (dāna), đều dạy về những kết quả/điềm bất tường riêng biệt.

Word by Word

• एकादश: eleven
• एकादश: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकादश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvigu numeral compound (एक + दश); numeral ‘eleven’ (indeclinable-like here) qualifying implied ‘ahāni’

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb)

• एव: indeed
• एव: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis)

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन) (elliptic: ‘another [thing/number]’)

• अपत्यम्: offspring / child
• अपत्यम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• तस्य: of that / of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular (एकवचन)

• वै: indeed
• वै: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphatic particle)

• दिने: on the day
• दिने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन) (elliptic: ‘another [is]’)

• दिनाभिगमने: at the coming of the day / on a day’s arrival
• दिनाभिगमने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन-अभिगमन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: दिनस्य अभिगमनम्; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• श्राद्धदाने: in the giving of śrāddha (funeral offering)
• श्राद्धदाने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध-दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: श्राद्धस्य दानम्; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb)

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन) (elliptic: ‘others [say/are]’)

Speakers

• Not explicit in excerpt; continuing didactic enumeration

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Timing (kāla)
• Śrāddha
• Dāna

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text links human actions to time-ethics: certain acts (union, śrāddha, dāna) are to be performed with sensitivity to prescribed times, emphasizing responsibility and ritual intentionality.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra material; not part of sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Time’ functions as a moral-cosmic regulator: aligning acts with auspicious windows symbolizes harmonizing personal desire and duty with a larger order.