Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 104

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

सम्यक् श्राद्धमदत्त्वा च तथानर्च्य च मातरम् ।

विवाहितायाः कन्यायाः हरति व्यञ्जनं तथा ॥

Transliteration

samyak śrāddham adattvā ca tathānarcya ca mātaram / vivāhitāyāḥ kanyāyāḥ harati vyañjanaṃ tathā

Translation

Và nếu người ta không dâng cúng śrāddha đúng phép, lại cũng không thờ kính người mẹ—thì đối với thiếu nữ đã xuất giá, nó cũng cướp đi đồ trang sức/dấu ấn làm đẹp của nàng.

Word by Word

• samyak: properly
• samyak: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• śrāddham: śrāddha rite (ancestral offering)
• śrāddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (श्राद्ध-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• adattvā: without giving
• adattvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (दा धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), with negation prefix a-; ‘a-dattvā’ = ‘not having given’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• anarcya: without worshipping
• anarcya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arc (अर्च् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), with negation prefix an-; ‘an-arcya’ = ‘not having worshipped’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• mātaram: mother
• mātaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (मातृ-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vivāhitāyāḥ: of the married (girl)
• vivāhitāyāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vivāhita (विवाहित-प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying ‘kanyāyāḥ’

• kanyāyāḥ: of the maiden/daughter
• kanyāyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanyā (कन्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• harati: takes away/steals
• harati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hṛ (हृ धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• vyañjanam: condiment/side-dish (food accompaniment)
• vyañjanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyañjana (व्यञ्जन-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

Speakers

• Not specified in input (didactic voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ-pūjā (śrāddha)
• Mātṛ-bhakti / honoring the mother
• Householder obligations
• Auspiciousness and protection

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse links personal well-being to gratitude and duty: honoring ancestors (śrāddha) and the living source of one’s body (mother) sustains auspiciousness. Neglect is portrayed as diminishing prosperity/beauty—socially reinforcing intergenerational reciprocity.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction; not directly Sarga/Pratisarga/Vaṃśa/Manvantara/Vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Adornment/mark’ can be read as external radiance arising from inner harmony with Pitṛ and Mātṛ debts (ṛṇa). When those ṛṇas are ignored, the text encodes a loss of tejas/śrī.