Shloka 38

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

नरकिन्नररक्षांसि वयः पशुमृगोरगान् ।

अव्ययं च व्ययं चैव यदिदं स्थाणुजङ्गमम् ॥

Transliteration

nara-kinnara-rakṣāṃsi vayaḥ paśu-mṛga-uragān | avyayaṃ ca vyayaṃ caiva yad idaṃ sthāṇu-jaṅgamam ||

Translation

Con người, kinnara, rākṣasa, chim muông, gia súc, thú rừng và loài rắn—quả thật, bất cứ gì tồn tại như bất động hay động—(Ngài tạo ra) cả bất hoại lẫn hoại diệt.

Word by Word

• nara-kinnara-rakṣāṃsi: men, Kinnaras, and Rākṣasas
• nara-kinnara-rakṣāṃsi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara + kinnara + rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) compound (samāhāra-dvandva); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• vayaḥ: birds (lit. winged creatures)
• vayaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vayas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) (collective sense)

• paśu-mṛga-oragān: beasts, wild animals, and serpents
• paśu-mṛga-oragān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paśu + mṛga + uraga (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• avyayam: imperishable
• avyayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-vyaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• vyayam: perishable
• vyayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात), emphasis (अवधारण)

• yat: which, that which
• yat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Prathamā (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• idam: this
• idam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Prathamā (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• sthāṇu-jaṅgamam: the immobile-and-mobile (world)
• sthāṇu-jaṅgamam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sthāṇu + jaṅgama (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) compound (samāhāra); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Prathamā (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Narrative voice (cosmogonic description)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā (Creator)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sthāvara-jaṅgama
• Perishable vs imperishable
• Pañcalakṣaṇa—Sarga

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The cosmos is a single field containing many life-forms; recognizing shared origin supports restraint (ahiṃsā/compassion) and humility amid hierarchical classifications.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: cataloguing creation, including the metaphysical distinction of perishable/imperishable.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Imperishable and perishable’ can indicate ātman/prakṛti or principle/appearance; the verse gestures to a two-tier ontology beneath the visible biodiversity.