Shloka 31

Adhyaya 46 — Cosmic Dissolution, the Emergence of Brahma, and the Measures of Time (Yugas, Manvantaras, and Brahma’s Day)

Sanskrit

एषा द्वादशसाहस्री युगाख्या कविभिः कृता ।

एतत् सहस्रगुणितमो ब्राह्म्यमुदाहृतम् ॥

Transliteration

eṣā dvādaśasāhastrī yugākhyā kavibhiḥ kṛtā | etat sahasraguṇitamo brāhmyam udāhṛtam ||

Translation

Chu kỳ yuga này được các bậc hiền triết gọi là “mười hai nghìn”. Lấy số ấy nhân một nghìn, được tuyên bố là lượng thuộc về Phạm Thiên (brāhmya).

Word by Word

• eṣā: this (she/this one)
• eṣā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• dvādaśa-sāhasrī: (amounting to) twelve thousand
• dvādaśa-sāhasrī: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvādaśa-sāhasrī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (dvādaśa sahasrāṇi yasyāḥ sā = consisting of twelve thousands)

• yuga-ākhyā: the yuga-designation
• yuga-ākhyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuga-ākhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (yugasya ākhyā = name/designation of a yuga)

• kavibhiḥ: by sages/poets
• kavibhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kavi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• kṛtā: made / established
• kṛtā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त; √kṛ कृ धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भाव (predicate: 'made/established')

• etat: this
• etat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• sahasra-guṇitamam: multiplied by a thousand
• sahasra-guṇitamam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sahasra-guṇita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (sahasreṇa guṇitam = multiplied by a thousand)

• brāhmyam: the Brāhmya (measure)
• brāhmyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brāhmya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• udāhṛtam: is declared / is stated
• udāhṛtam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-ā-√hṛ (हृ धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भाव (predicate: 'is declared')

Speakers

• Didactic narrator concluding the caturyuga computation and scaling it to ‘brāhmya’ time.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā (by ‘brāhmya’)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Caturyuga
• Kalpa-scale time
• Puranic chronology

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Purāṇa trains the intellect to think in scalable orders of magnitude; ethical life is thereby framed as meaningful within immense temporal horizons.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Cosmic chronology (kāla) is a structural prerequisite for manvantara and vaṃśānucarita narration; it anchors events within repeating cycles of creation and dissolution (sarga/pratisarga).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Multiply by a thousand’ signals a fractal cosmology: patterns repeat at higher scales, implying that inner and outer cycles reflect one another.