Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 30

Adhyaya 46Cosmic Dissolution, the Emergence of Brahma, and the Measures of Time (Yugas, Manvantaras, and Brahma’s Day)

कलिः सहस्रं दिव्यानामब्दानां द्विजसत्तम ।

सन्ध्या सन्ध्यांशकश्चैव शतकौ समुदाहृतौ ॥

kaliḥ sahasraṃ divyānām abdānāṃ dvijasattama | sandhyā sandhyāṃśakaś caiva śatakau samudāhṛtau ||

Kali dài một nghìn năm thiên giới, hỡi bậc tối thắng trong hàng nhị sinh. Sandhyā và sandhyāṃśa của nó, mỗi phần đều được nói là một trăm năm.

kaliḥKali (age)
kaliḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkali (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; युगनाम
sahasramone thousand
sahasram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
divyānāmof divine
divyānām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdivya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifies abdānām)
abdānāmof years
abdānām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootabda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन
dvija-sattamaO best of the twice-born
dvija-sattama:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija-sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (dvijaḥ sattamaḥ = best of the twice-born)
sandhyāthe sandhyā (junction)
sandhyā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
sandhyāṃśakaḥthe sandhyā-portion
sandhyāṃśakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsandhyā-aṃśaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (sandhyāyāḥ aṃśakaḥ = a portion of sandhyā)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis)
śatakautwo hundreds
śatakau:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśataka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), द्विवचन; 'two hundreds' as a pair/dual
samudāhṛtauare declared / are stated
samudāhṛtau:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ud-√āhṛ (आहृ धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
Formकृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), द्विवचन; कर्मणि-भाव (predicate: 'are declared')
Didactic narrator addressing a brāhmaṇa interlocutor (dvijasattama).

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

CosmologyYuga durationsKali-yuga

FAQs

Even in Kali, dharma is not absent—junction periods still exist; the teaching supports hope and responsibility rather than despair about the age.

Yuga reckoning is a core chronological tool used in manvantara and dynastic narration (vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita).

The smallest yuga with the smallest junctions symbolizes compressed opportunity—spiritual urgency and intensified practice in constrained conditions.