Shloka 3

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

समाक्रान्तमलर्केण पितृपैतामहं महत् ।

राज्यं देहीति निर्जित्य त्वयाहमभिचोदितः ॥

Transliteration

samākrāntam alarkeṇa pitṛ-paitāmahaṃ mahat |

rājyaṃ dehīti nirjitya tvayāham abhichoditaḥ ||

Translation

Vương quốc tổ tiên vĩ đại của ta—của cha ta và các bậc tiền nhân—đã bị Alarka chiếm đoạt. Sau khi ngài đã chinh phục (ông ta), ngài lại thúc giục ta, nói rằng: “Hãy trao (ông ta) vương quốc!”

Word by Word

• samākrāntam: overrun
• samākrāntam: Karma-sāmānādhikaraṇya (कर्मसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-√kram (क्रम् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त, कर्मणि), Neuter Accusative Singular; ‘overrun/occupied’

• alarkeṇa: by Alarka
• alarkeṇa: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: alarka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine Instrumental Singular (तृतीया एकवचन)

• pitṛ-paitāmaham: of father and grandfather (ancestral)
• pitṛ-paitāmaham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pitṛ + paitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) ‘paternal and ancestral’; Neuter Accusative Singular (द्वितीया एकवचन) qualifying rājyaṃ

• mahat: great
• mahat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjective, Neuter Accusative Singular (द्वितीया एकवचन) qualifying rājyaṃ

• rājyam: kingdom
• rājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter Accusative Singular (द्वितीया एकवचन)

• dehi: give
• dehi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (दा धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person Singular, Parasmaipada

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, quotative particle

• nirjitya: having conquered
• nirjitya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nis-√ji (जि धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), from nis-√ji ‘to conquer’

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Instrumental Singular (तृतीया एकवचन)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Nominative Singular (प्रथमा एकवचन)

• abhicoditaḥ: was urged
• abhicoditaḥ: Karta-sāmānādhikaraṇya (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√cud (चुद् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त, कर्मणि), Masculine Nominative Singular; ‘urged/instigated’

Speakers

• Subāhu

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Kingship and legitimacy
• Ancestral inheritance
• Political conflict

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Royal power is framed in terms of rightful inheritance and dharmic restoration, not mere conquest. A king’s duty includes reinstating legitimate order.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita (accounts of royal lines and their deeds) in miniature—political events tied to lineage and succession.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘ancestral kingdom’ can symbolize one’s native sovereignty of the Self, seized by disorder (Alarka). The dharmic king represents discriminative power that restores inner rule.