Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 44, Shloka 29

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

ततः कालेन महता निर्द्वन्द्वो निष्परिग्रहः ।

प्राप्य योगर्धिमतुलां परं निर्वाणमाप्तवान् ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ kālena mahatā nirdvandvo niṣparigrahaḥ | prāpya yogardhim atulāṃ paraṃ nirvāṇam āptavān ||

Translation

Rồi về sau, trải qua thời gian dài, vượt khỏi mọi cặp đối đãi và không còn sở hữu, sau khi chứng đắc thành tựu yoga vô song, ngài đạt đến Niết-bàn tối thượng.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then/thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल/temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘thereafter/from that’

• kālena: with/by time
• kālena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्

• mahatā: great/long
• mahatā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्; qualifies kālena

• nirdvandvaḥ: free from opposites
• nirdvandvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nirdvandva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; ‘free from dualities’

• niṣparigrahaḥ: without possessions
• niṣparigrahaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niṣparigraha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; ‘without possessions/attachments’

• prāpya: having attained
• prāpya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (धातु) + pra + ya (ल्यप्)
• Form: ल्यप्-अव्यय (gerund): ‘having attained’

• yoga-ṛddhim: yogic prosperity/power
• yoga-ṛddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक) + ṛddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘योगस्य ऋद्धिः’; स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• atulām: incomparable
• atulām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: atulā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; qualifies ṛddhim

• param: supreme
• param: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; qualifies nirvāṇam

• nirvāṇam: liberation/nirvāṇa
• nirvāṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nirvāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• āptavān: attained/obtained
• āptavān: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (धातु) + kta-vat (क्तवत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्तवत्-प्रत्यय, perfective active participle); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; finite-sense: ‘he attained’

Speakers

• Narrator voice

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Nirvāṇa/mokṣa
• Nirdvandva
• Aparigraha
• Yoga-phala (fruit of yoga)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is linked with inner equanimity and non-possessiveness. Ethical restraint (aparigraha) and steady practice mature into freedom from suffering.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative within ‘vaṃśānucarita’; not a cosmological pañcalakṣaṇa passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Yoga-ṛddhi’ here can be read less as miraculous powers and more as perfected integration (samādhi-sthiti), culminating in nirvāṇa—cessation of avidyā-driven becoming.