Shloka 43

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

यत्र वा रजनीभागे तदरिष्टं निरीक्षितम् ।

तत्रैव तावद्युञ्जीत यावत् प्राप्तं हि तद्दिनम् ॥

Transliteration

yatra vā rajanībhāge tad ariṣṭaṃ nirīkṣitam / tatraiva tāvad yuñjīta yāvat prāptaṃ hi tad dinam

Translation

Nếu điềm ấy được thấy trong một phần của đêm, thì ngay trong phần ấy phải hành trì cho đến khi ngày ấy thật sự đến.

Word by Word

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: स्थानवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

• rajanī-bhāge: in a part of the night
• rajanī-bhāge: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rajanī (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः; पुंलिङ्गः bhāga-शब्दः; सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन (singular)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• ariṣṭam: omen/portent
• ariṣṭam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ariṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• nirīkṣitam: observed/seen
• nirīkṣitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nir-īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्गः; प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावः

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: स्थानवाचक-अव्यय (there)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• tāvat: so long
• tāvat: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tāvat (अव्यय)
• Form: परिमाण/कालवाचक-अव्यय (so long/that much)

• yuñjīta: should engage/practice
• yuñjīta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचन

• yāvat: until/as long as
• yāvat: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yāvat (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधि/पर्यन्तवाचक-अव्यय (until/as long as)

• prāptam: has arrived/attained
• prāptam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-āp (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्गः; प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle of emphasis/indeed)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (to dinam)

• dinam: day
• dinam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dina (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructional voice addressing King Alarka (ālarka)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Night practice
• Vigil (jāgaraṇa) as discipline
• Yoga as antidote to fear
• Kāla-management

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

When signs provoke dread, the remedy is steadfast practice—even through the night—demonstrating mastery over lethargy and fear.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Instructional ācāra/yoga guidance, not one of the five formal Purāṇic characteristics.

What is the esoteric significance?

Night symbolizes tamas and unconsciousness; sustained practice in the night-portion signifies conquering tamas and stabilizing awareness through liminal transitions.