Shloka 13

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

नाशयेच्चित्तमावर्त उपसर्गः स उच्यते ।

एतैर्नाशितयोगास्तु सकला देवयोनयः ॥

Transliteration

nāśayeccittamāvarta upasargaḥ sa ucyate | etairnāśitayogāstu sakalā devayonayaḥ ||

Translation

Vòng xoáy ấy, thứ hủy hoại tâm trí, được gọi là “chướng ngại” (upasarga). Bởi những điều ấy, mọi hữu tình có nguồn gốc thần linh đều bị phá hoại yoga của mình.

Word by Word

• nāśayet: should destroy
• nāśayet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √naś (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; causative sense in context ‘should destroy’

• cittam: the mind
• cittam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: citta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• āvartaḥ: whirlpool (disturbance)
• āvartaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āvarta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• upasargaḥ: an affliction/obstacle
• upasargaḥ: Pratijna/Predicative (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upasarga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-नाम (predicate noun)

• saḥ: that (one)
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• ucyate: is called
• ucyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगः—‘is called’

• etaiḥ: by these
• etaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• nāśita-yogāḥ: those whose yoga is destroyed / with yoga ruined
• nāśita-yogāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāśita (√naś, क्त-कृदन्त) + yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—नाशितः योगः येषाम्/नाशितयोगाः (कर्मधारयः: ‘destroyed yoga’)

• tu: indeed, but
• tu: Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/अन्वयार्थ

• sakalāḥ: all
• sakalāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sakala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying devayonayaḥ)

• deva-yonayaḥ: divine births/species
• deva-yonayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक) + yoni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—देवानां योनयः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (within Markandeya Purana’s instructional dialogue context)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Upasarga (hindrances)
• Citta-nāśa (loss of inner steadiness)
• Even celestial beings are vulnerable

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Spiritual practice is not guaranteed by status: even ‘divine’ births can fail when inner turbulence overwhelms the citta. Vigilance and humility are implied.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic yoga-teaching; not a pañcalakṣaṇa unit. It functions as practical sādhanā guidance embedded in a purāṇic discourse.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘mind-destroying vortex’ points to subtle collapses where the practitioner loses the very instrument of liberation (citta). Obstacles are not merely external; they can de-form the inner organ.