Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 35, Shloka 23

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

आसनं शयनं यानं नावः पथि तृणानि च ।

सोमसूर्यांशुपवनैः शुध्यन्ते तानि पण्यवत् ॥

Transliteration

āsanaṃ śayanaṃ yānaṃ nāvaḥ pathi tṛṇāni ca | soma-sūryāṃśu-pavanaiḥ śudhyante tāni paṇya-vat ||

Translation

Ghế ngồi, giường nằm, xe cộ, thuyền bè, và cả cỏ trên đường đều được thanh tịnh nhờ ánh trăng, ánh mặt trời và gió—như hàng hóa được bày ra để dùng.

Word by Word

• आसनम्: seat
• आसनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शयनम्: bed/lying place
• शयनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यानम्: vehicle
• यानम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• नावः: boats
• नावः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nau (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• पथि: on the road
• पथि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pathin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• तृणानि: grass (blades)
• तृणानि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tṛṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connecting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)

• सोम-सूर्य-अंशु-पवनैः: by the moon, the sun, (sun-)rays, and wind
• सोम-सूर्य-अंशु-पवनैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: soma (प्रातिपदिक) + sūrya (प्रातिपदिक) + aṃśu (प्रातिपदिक) + pavana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व (by moon, sun, rays, and wind)

• शुध्यन्ते: become purified
• शुध्यन्ते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śudh (शुध्)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• तानि: those (things)
• तानि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• पण्यवत्: like merchandise (for sale)
• पण्यवत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/analogy)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: paṇya + vat (तद्धित)
• Form: वत्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (comparative adverb)

Speakers

• Dharma-instructional narration within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Soma
• Sūrya

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śauca (purity)
• Natural purification
• Public objects

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Public-use objects cannot be treated as perpetually impure; the text legitimizes ordinary circulation by assigning natural purification through exposure to air and light.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma guidance; supportive material rather than cosmological/genealogical narration.

What is the esoteric significance?

Moon and sun signify cooling and illuminating awareness; wind signifies movement of prāṇa—together implying that clarity, vitality, and exposure cleanse accumulated ‘staleness’ in life and mind.