Shloka 60

Adhyaya 31 — Yoga Philosophy

Sanskrit

ततो नित्यक्रियां कुर्याद् भोजयेच्च तथातिथीन् ।

नित्यक्रियां पितॄणाञ्च केचिदिच्छन्ति सत्तमाः ॥

Transliteration

tato nityakriyāṃ kuryād bhojayecca tathātithīn | nityakriyāṃ pitṝṇāñca kecid icchanti sattamāḥ ||

Translation

Sau đó, người ấy nên thực hành các nghi thức hằng ngày của mình và cũng nên thết đãi khách. Một số bậc thẩm quyền ưu tú còn chủ trương có nghi lễ hằng ngày dành cho Pitṛ (cúng tổ tiên).

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then; thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), तस्मात्-अर्थे (thereafter/from that)

• nitya-kriyām: daily rite
• nitya-kriyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nitya (प्रातिपदिक) + kriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (नित्यस्याः क्रिया)

• kuryāt: he should perform
• kuryāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; √kṛ ‘to do’

• bhojayet: he should feed
• bhojayet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; causative (णिच्) of √bhuj ‘to eat’ → ‘to feed’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• tathā: also; likewise
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• atithīn: guests
• atithīn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: atithi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन

• nitya-kriyām: daily rite
• nitya-kriyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nitya (प्रातिपदिक) + kriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष

• pitṝṇām: of the ancestors
• pitṝṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• kecit: some (people)
• kecit: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक (indefinite: ‘some’)

• icchanti: desire
• icchanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद; √iṣ/√icch ‘to desire’

• sat-tamāḥ: the best (men)
• sat-tamāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक) + tama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष/उपपद (श्रेष्ठाः सताम्) ‘best among the good’

Speakers

• Madālasa → Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Nitya-karma
• Atithi-dharma
• Pitṛ offerings
• Ritual variance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A householder’s dharma is layered: special rites (śrāddha) do not replace daily obligations (nitya-kriyā) and hospitality. The text also acknowledges legitimate diversity of practice regarding daily pitṛ offerings.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma (conduct), not sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita as primary content.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Daily rite’ after śrāddha indicates continuity: one integrates ancestral remembrance into regular life rather than restricting it to occasional ceremonies.