Shloka 41

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

पवित्रकादि वै दत्त्वा तेभ्योऽनुज्ञामवाप्य च । कुर्यादावाहनं प्राज्ञो देवानां मन्त्रतो द्विजः ॥

Transliteration

pavitrakādi vai dattvā tebhyo 'nujñām avāpya ca / kuryād āvāhanaṃ prājño devānāṃ mantrato dvijaḥ

Translation

Sau khi dâng pavitraka và các vật khác, và đã được các vị ấy cho phép, bậc dvija (người “sinh hai lần”) hiền trí liền nên dùng thần chú mà thỉnh mời chư thiên.

Word by Word

• pavitraka-ādi: pavitraka and the like
• pavitraka-ādi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pavitraka (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); ‘pavitraka etc.’ as a set

• vai: indeed
• vai: Sambandha (वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निश्चयार्थक/खल्वर्थक-अव्यय)

• dattvā: having given
• dattvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having given’

• tebhyaḥ: to them
• tebhyaḥ: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Dative (चतुर्थी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• anujñām: permission/assent
• anujñām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anujñā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• avāpya: having obtained
• avāpya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-āp (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), ‘having obtained’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय)

• kuryāt: should do
• kuryāt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• āvāhanam: invocation (āvāhana)
• āvāhanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ā-vāhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• prājñaḥ: the wise man
• prājñaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• devānām: of the gods
• devānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mantrataḥ: with mantras
• mantrataḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: mantra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ablative-form adverb (पञ्चमी-रूपेण अव्यय), ‘by means of mantra / according to mantra’

• dvijaḥ: a brahmin (twice-born)
• dvijaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to prājñaḥ

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Mantra
• Āvāhana
• Ritual purity
• Gṛhastha-dharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual is relational, not coercive: ‘permission’ (anujñā) indicates humility and proper etiquette toward the sacred, framing worship as respectful invitation rather than command.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma-ācāra material; not a core pancalakṣaṇa narrative segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

Āvāhana by mantra points to the principle that speech-intention (vāk + saṅkalpa) ‘configures’ awareness; purity tools (pavitraka) symbolize refining the instrument (the practitioner) before contact with the divine.