Shloka 17

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

ये समाना इति जपन् पूर्ववच्छेषमाचरेत् ।

स्त्रीणामप्येवमेवैतदेकोद्दिष्टमुदाहृतम् ॥

Transliteration

ye samānā iti japan pūrvavac cheṣam ācaret |

strīṇām apy evam evaitad ekoddiṣṭam udāhṛtam ||

Translation

Khi tụng lời ‘ye samānāḥ …’, hãy thực hiện phần còn lại đúng như đã nói trước. Nghi thức ekoddiṣṭa này được tuyên bố là cũng áp dụng như nhau cho phụ nữ.

Word by Word

• ye: those who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; relative pronoun

• samānāḥ: equal/same
• samānāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; predicate adjective with ye

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (उद्धरण-निपात)

• japan: reciting (muttering)
• japan: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jap (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular (used adverbially with implied subject); ‘while muttering/reciting’

• pūrvavat: as before
• pūrvavat: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pūrvavat (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (रीतिवाचक-अव्यय): ‘as before’

• śeṣam: the remainder/rest
• śeṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; object of ācaret

• ācaret: should perform/practice
• ācaret: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-car (धातु)
• Form: Optative/vidhi-liṅ, 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada

• strīṇām: of women
• strīṇām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: strī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय): ‘thus/in this way’

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण)

• etat: this
• etat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular; demonstrative pronoun

• eka-uddiṣṭam: the ekoddiṣṭa (single-oblation śrāddha)
• eka-uddiṣṭam: Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/subject-complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक) + uddiṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष: ekasya uddiṣṭam = ‘single (rite) designated for one’ (ekoddiṣṭa-śrāddha)

• udāhṛtam: is declared/has been stated
• udāhṛtam: Kriyā (क्रिया/भूतकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-ā-hṛ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular; predicate with etat

Speakers

• Didactic ritual instruction (speaker not explicit in excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitri Puja
• Śrāddha-vidhi
• Ritual applicability to women

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text explicitly extends ritual concern and post-death remembrance to women, affirming that dharmic care for the departed is not restricted by gender of the deceased.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

The brief japa marker (‘ye samānāḥ’) functions as a ritual hinge—sound/recitation is treated as a subtle connector enabling continuity of the rite without repeating every procedural detail.