Shloka 4

Adhyaya 25 — Madālāsā’s Return, Royal Succession, and the First Teaching to Vikrānta

Sanskrit

ऋतध्वजश्च सुचिरं तया रेमे सुमध्यया ।

निर्झरेषु च शैलानां निम्नगापुलिनेṣu च ॥

Transliteration

ṛtadhvajaś ca suciraṃ tayā reme sumadhyayā | nirjhareṣu ca śailānāṃ nimnagāpulineṣu ca ||

Translation

Và Ṛtadhvaja trong thời gian dài đã vui đùa cùng người thiếu nữ eo thon ấy—giữa những thác nước trên núi và dọc theo bờ các dòng sông.

Word by Word

• ऋतध्वजः: Ṛtadhvaja (the king)
• ऋतध्वजः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतध्वज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• सुचिरम्: for a long time
• सुचिरम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative) एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग (adverbial accusative: ‘for a long time’)

• तया: with her / by her
• तया: सहकर्ता/करण (Instrument/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• रेमे: enjoyed, sported
• रेमे: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• सुमध्यया: with the slender-waisted (woman)
• सुमध्यया: सहकर्ता/करण (Instrument/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; विशेष्य-रूपेण (epithet)

• निर्झरेषु: in waterfalls/cascades
• निर्झरेषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्झर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शैलानाम्: of mountains
• शैलानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• निम्नगा-पुलिनेṣu: on the river-banks
• निम्नगा-पुलिनेṣu: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निम्नगा (प्रातिपदिक) + पुलिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘निम्नगायाः पुलिनम्’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Narrator (Purāṇic narration; not within Devi Māhātmya frame)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shringara", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Royal household narrative
• Kāma (enjoyment) preceding later vairāgya-instruction
• Setting for Madālasā’s didactic lullaby

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text first depicts legitimate worldly enjoyment (bhoga) within marriage, setting a contrast for the later teaching: even amid prosperity and pleasure, the wise can awaken to discernment (viveka).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita (dynastic/royal narrative), a common purāṇic mode used to introduce ethical and philosophical instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Waterfalls and riverbanks function as liminal symbols—flow, change, and impermanence—foreshadowing the later non-attachment teaching delivered to the child.