Shloka 32

Adhyaya 22Dharma of Giving

इयञ्च सत्कुलोत्पन्ना भर्तर्येवमनुव्रताम् ।

कथन्नु शोच्या नारीणां भर्तुरन्यन्न दैवतं ॥

iyañ ca satkulotpannā bhartary evam anuvratām |

kathaṃ nu śocyā nārīṇāṃ bhartur anyan na daivatam ||

Nàng sinh trong gia tộc hiền lương, nên một lòng phụng sự chồng. Vậy người nữ như thế sao lại đáng thương—vì đối với phụ nữ, không có thần linh nào khác ngoài người chồng?

iyamthis (woman)
iyam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
satkula-utpannāborn in a good family
satkula-utpannā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of iyam
TypeAdjective
Rootsatkula (प्रातिपदिक) + utpanna (कृदन्त, उत्√पद्/उत्√पन्)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Feminine (स्त्री), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; utpannā = past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally
bhartariin/with respect to (her) husband
bhartari:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
evamthus
evam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)
anuvratāmdevoted/faithful (to her husband)
anuvratām:
Karma (कर्म) / predicate complement
TypeAdjective
Rootanuvratā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्री), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; used predicatively with implied 'to be' (अस्ति)
kathamhow
katham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
nuindeed/then
nu:
Sambandha (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnu (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative/emphatic particle (प्रश्न/निपात)
śocyāto be pitied
śocyā:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootśocya (प्रातिपदिक; from √śuc with यत्)
FormGerundive/obligatory passive participle (यत्-कृदन्त); Feminine (स्त्री), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
nārīṇāmof women
nārīṇām:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootnārī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्री), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन)
bhartuḥof the husband
bhartuḥ:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुं), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular
anyatanything else
anyat:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular; with negation 'na'
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध निपात)
daivatamdeity/divine refuge
daivatam:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootdaivata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसक), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
Unspecified in provided excerpt (narrative speech praising a devoted wife)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaStrī-dharmaPativratā idealAttitudes toward death and mourning

FAQs

The verse asserts a social-ethical ideal in which a wife’s highest allegiance is to her husband, framing this devotion as a reason to restrain pity or lamentation. In the narrative logic, steadfastness in dharma transforms the meaning of loss.

Primarily not pañcalakṣaṇa material; it belongs to ācāra/dharma-oriented narrative instruction (didactic ethics), rather than sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

On a symbolic level, ‘husband as daiva’ can be read as single-pointed devotion (ekāgratā) to one’s chosen locus of dharma—an inward discipline that reduces grief born from dispersion of attachments.