Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 16, Shloka 78

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

ततो विवस्वान् भगवान् फुल्लपद्मारुणाकृतिः ।

शैलराजानमुदयमारुरोहो रुमण्डलः ॥

Transliteration

tato vivasvān bhagavān phulla-padma-aruṇākṛtiḥ /

śaila-rājānam udayam āruroha uru-maṇḍalaḥ

Translation

Bấy giờ, đấng phúc thiện Vivasvān (Thần Mặt Trời), có thân sắc đỏ như hoa sen nở rộ, đã mọc lên lúc bình minh trên vua của các núi, với quang luân rộng lớn.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then, thereafter
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of sequence

• vivasvān: Vivasvān (the Sun)
• vivasvān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vivasvat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhagavān: the blessed/lordly one
• bhagavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying vivasvān

• phulla-padmāruṇa-ākṛtiḥ: whose form is reddish like a blooming lotus
• phulla-padmāruṇa-ākṛtiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: phulla (प्रातिपदिक) + padma (प्रातिपदिक) + aruṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ākṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहि—“yasya ākṛtiḥ ... sā/saḥ”; used adjectivally for vivasvān

• śaila-rājānam: the king of mountains (Mount Meru)
• śaila-rājānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaila (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष “mountain-king”

• udayam: the rising (place/time of rise)
• udayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); used as goal/direction with ā-√ruh

• āruroha: ascended, climbed up
• āruroha: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√ruh (धातु)
• Form: Luṅ (लुङ्, aorist), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• rumaṇḍalaḥ: the solar orb/disk
• rumaṇḍalaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ru-maṇḍala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष (determinative)

Speakers

• Narratorial voice (continuation of the episode)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya (Vivasvān)

Key Themes

• Cosmic imagery
• Solar theophany
• Order of time (dawn)
• Effect of tapas on cosmic events

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Sun’s rising is portrayed not merely as astronomy but as a moral-cosmic event tied to dharma. The narrative treats dawn as the restoration of stability for beings.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Touches cosmic order but remains within narrative description; not a formal sarga account.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘lotus-red’ Sun evokes awakening of consciousness; the ‘vast orb’ indicates the all-pervading witness (sākṣin) principle that regulates karma through time.