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Shloka 85

Adhyaya 14The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

वृकैर्भयङ्करैः पृष्ठं नित्यमस्योपभुज्यते ।

पृष्ठमांसं नृपैतॆन यतो लोकस्य भक्षितम् ॥

vṛkair bhayaṅkaraiḥ pṛṣṭhaṃ nityam asyopabhujyate | pṛṣṭha-māṃsaṃ nṛpaitena yato lokasya bhakṣitam ||

Lưng hắn luôn bị bầy sói ghê rợn gặm xé—vì vị vua này đã ăn thịt dân chúng, tức ‘thịt lưng’ của họ (điều đáng lẽ phải được che chở).

vṛkaiḥby wolves
vṛkaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन (Plural)
bhayaṅkaraiḥterrifying
bhayaṅkaraiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhayaṅkara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (adjective) vṛkaiḥ के साथ
pṛṣṭhamthe back
pṛṣṭham:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
nityamalways
nityam:
Avyaya (अव्यय/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावेन क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative used as indeclinable): ‘always’
asyaof him
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसक (contextual), षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन
upabhujyateis eaten/consumed
upabhujyate:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootupa + bhuj (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), आत्मनेपद
pṛṣṭha-māṃsamback-flesh
pṛṣṭha-māṃsam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक) + māṃsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव): ‘पृष्ठस्य मांसम्’ (flesh of the back); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
nṛpāO king / the king
nṛpā:
Sambodhana/Prayojaka (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (addressing/mentioning king)
etenaby this (one)
etena:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन
yataḥbecause
yataḥ:
Avyaya (अव्यय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कारणार्थक (causal conjunction) ‘because/since’
lokasyaof the world/people
lokasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
bhakṣitam(has been) eaten/devoured
bhakṣitam:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootbhakṣ (धातु) → bhakṣita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here predicative with implied ‘asti’
Dialogue frame not explicit in the provided excerpt; didactic naraka catalogue.

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaRājadharma (kingly duty)Abuse/exploitationKarma and retribution

FAQs

A ruler exists to protect, not prey upon subjects. Exploitation is framed as cannibalizing one’s own people; the punishment returns the predatory act upon the predator.

Dharma (especially rājadharma) taught through karmaphala imagery; ancillary to the fivefold Purāṇic markers.

‘Back’ suggests those who cannot face power directly (the vulnerable). Wolves externalize the ruler’s own rapacity, turning inner predation into outer torment.