Shloka 84

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

पदे पदे च पादो 'स्य शीर्यते जीर्यते पुनः ।

अहोरात्रेणोद्धरणं पादन्यासं च गच्छति ॥

Transliteration

pade pade ca pādo 'sya śīryate jīryate punaḥ | ahorātreṇoddharaṇaṃ pādanyāsaṃ ca gacchati ||

Translation

Mỗi bước đi, bàn chân hắn lại vỡ nát rồi mục rữa hết lần này đến lần khác. Suốt trọn một ngày một đêm, hắn chỉ làm nổi việc nhấc lên và đặt xuống đúng một bước.

Word by Word

• pade: at (each) step
• pade: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• pade: at every step
• pade: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) (repetition for distributive sense)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• pādaḥ: foot
• pādaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• asya: of him
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम); Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• śīryate: is torn away
• śīryate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śṝ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); passive/intransitive sense 'is torn/decays'

• jīryate: wears out/decays
• jīryate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jṛ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (पुनरावृत्तिवाचक अव्यय)

• aho-rātreṇa: by a day and night (in a day)
• aho-rātreṇa: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ahas (प्रातिपदिक) + rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) 'day and night' used as a unit; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• uddharaṇam: lifting out/extraction
• uddharaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ud + dhṛ (धातु) + lyuṭ (ल्युट्)
• Form: Action noun (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, ल्युट्); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• pāda-nyāsam: setting down the foot
• pāda-nyāsam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक) + nyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष): 'placing of the foot/footstep'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• gacchati: he undergoes/attains
• gacchati: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Frame not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama (contextual)

Key Themes

• Karma
• Temporal suffering
• Naraka
• Moral discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Sin slows the soul’s progress: the image of one step per day dramatizes how adharma creates long, grinding obstruction and exhaustion.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical instruction (dharma/karma-phala) presented through naraka narrative; not directly sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita, though it supports vaṃśānucarita-style didacticism.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘decaying foot’ symbolizes unstable resolve (saṅkalpa) and the collapse of support (pāda = foundation). Spiritual progress becomes painfully incremental when one’s base is compromised.