Shloka 83

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

तन्मध्ये पापकर्माणं विमुञ्चन्ति यमानुगाः ।

स दह्यमानस्तीव्रेण वह्निना तत्र धावति ॥

Transliteration

tanmadhye pāpakarmāṇaṃ vimuñcanti yamānugāḥ | sa dahyamānas tīvreṇa vahninā tatra dhāvati ||

Translation

Vào giữa chốn ấy, các tùy tùng của Diêm Vương (Yama) thả kẻ tạo nghiệp ác xuống. Bị lửa dữ thiêu đốt, hắn chạy cuống cuồng khắp nơi tại đó.

Word by Word

• tat-madhye: in the midst of that
• tat-madhye: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष): 'in the middle of that'; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• pāpa-karmāṇam: the sinner (evil-doer)
• pāpa-karmāṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय): 'sinful deed-doer' / 'one of sinful acts'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vimuñcanti: they release/throw (him)
• vimuñcanti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + muc (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yama-anugāḥ: Yama's attendants
• yama-anugāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama (प्रातिपदिक) + anuga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष): 'followers of Yama'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• dahyamānaḥ: being burnt
• dahyamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dah (धातु) + ya (यक्) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present passive participle (यक् + शतृ); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tīvreṇa: by intense
• tīvreṇa: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tīvra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vahninā: by fire
• vahninā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vahni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• dhāvati: runs
• dhāvati: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dhāv (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Frame not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Karma
• Judgment after death
• Naraka

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse frames punishment as impersonal execution of moral law: Yama’s agents do not ‘hate’ the sinner; they administer the consequence of pāpa.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Falls under dharma-kathā/karma-phala exposition—supporting purāṇic ethical instruction rather than genealogical or creation narratives.

What is the esoteric significance?

Running while burning reflects restlessness (rājasic agitation) under the heat of guilt and consequence; the mind cannot ‘sit’ in peace when actions contradict dharma.