Shloka 20

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

गर्भदुःखान्यनेकानि बालत्वे यौवने तथा ।

वृद्धतायां तथाप्तानि तानि सर्वाणि संस्मरे ॥

Transliteration

garbha-duḥkhāny anekāni bālatve yauvana tathā | vṛddhatāyāṃ tathāptāni tāni sarvāṇi saṃsmare ||

Translation

Nhiều nỗi khổ đau trong bụng mẹ, cũng như trong thời thơ ấu và tuổi trẻ, và cả những nỗi khổ khi về già—tất cả những điều này ta đều nhớ.

Word by Word

• गर्भदुःखानि: pains of pregnancy/womb-life
• गर्भदुःखानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक) + दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (गर्भस्य दुःखानि); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन (neuter nom/acc pl)

• अनेकानि: many
• अनेकानि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with गर्भदुःखानि)

• बालत्वे: in childhood
• बालत्वे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बालत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (locative singular)

• यौवने: in youth
• यौवने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यौवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (locative singular)

• तथा: and likewise
• तथा: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध-बोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकारार्थक (likewise)

• वृद्धतायाम्: in old age
• वृद्धतायाम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृद्धता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (locative singular)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध-बोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; पुनरुक्त-समुच्चयार्थक (likewise)

• आप्तानि: attained/undergone
• आप्तानि: Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्म-समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + आप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle) ‘आप्त’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन (neuter nom/acc pl)

• तानि: those
• तानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (accusative plural)

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with तानि)

• संस्मरे: I remember, I recollect
• संस्मरे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + स्मृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present indicative), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन (1st person singular); परस्मैपद

Speakers

• Son (within the embedded story); reported by the birds

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Saṃsāra
• Life-stage suffering
• Memory of births
• Vairāgya
• Mokṣa motivation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Suffering pervades every life stage; therefore, worldly life cannot be made permanently secure. The recollection is used as a spur to seek the sorrowless state indicated earlier (Brahman, mokṣa).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic mokṣa-teaching within narrative; not directly sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Recollection (smaraṇa) functions as viveka (discriminative insight): by surveying the full arc of embodied pain, the aspirant disengages from hope in saṃsāra and turns to the unaging, unborn reality.