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Shloka 39

Virāṭa-parva Adhyāya 33 — Kuru Cattle-Raid and Matsya Mobilization (भूमिंजय-प्रेरणा)

समासाद्य सुशर्माणमश्चानस्य व्यपोथयत्‌ । पृष्ठगोपांश्व॒ तस्याथ हत्वा परमसायकै:

samāsādya suśarmāṇam aśvān asya vyapothayat | pṛṣṭhagopāṁś ca tasyātha hatvā paramasāyakaiḥ ||

Áp sát vua Suśarmā, chàng đánh gục đàn ngựa của ông; rồi bằng những mũi tên thượng hạng, chàng cũng giết luôn toán hộ vệ chăn giữ gia súc ở hậu quân của Suśarmā. Qua đó nêu rõ bổn phận chiến sĩ: cắt đứt đường thoát và nguồn trợ lực của kẻ xâm lấn, đồng thời dứt khoát trừ mối họa đang đe dọa những kẻ yếu thế—đàn bò và người canh giữ—giữa chiến địa.

समासाद्यhaving approached
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
सुशर्माणम्Susharman (name)
सुशर्माणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुशर्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्चानस्यof Ashchana (name)
अश्चानस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्चान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
व्यपोथयत्he struck down / routed
व्यपोथयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-अप-√उथ्/√पुथ् (caus.)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृष्ठगोपान्rear-guards / those guarding the back
पृष्ठगोपान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठगोप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तस्यof him / his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√हन्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
परमसायकैःwith excellent arrows
परमसायकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरमसायक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

वैशम्पायन (Vaiśampāyana)
सुशर्मा (Suśarmā)
अश्व (horses)
पृष्ठगोप (rear-guard cattle-protectors)
परमसायक (supreme arrows)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in action: in a just battle, one may disable the enemy’s mobility and support forces to protect the vulnerable (here, the cattle and their defenders) and to end aggression decisively.

The narrator describes a warrior closing in on Suśarmā, striking down his horses, and then killing Suśarmā’s rear-guard cattle-protectors with powerful arrows—an escalation that breaks the enemy’s ability to resist and safeguard the seized cattle.