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Shloka 3

ऋतुपर्णस्य विदर्भयात्रा-निश्चयः तथा बाहुकस्य हयपरिक्षा (Ṛtuparṇa’s resolve to go to Vidarbha and Bāhuka’s examination of horses)

स द्ूतेन जितो क्रात्रा हृतराज्यो महीपतिः । दमयन्त्या गतः सार्ध न प्राज्ञायत कस्यचित्‌,एक दिन राजा नल अपने भाईके द्वारा जूएमें हार गये। उसीमें उनका सारा राज्य चला गया। वे दमयन्तीके साथ वनमें चले गये। तबसे अबतक किसीको उनका पता नहीं लगा

sa dūtena jito krātrā hṛtarājyo mahīpatiḥ | damayantyā gataḥ sārdha na prājñāyata kasyacit ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Vị vua ấy đã bị kẻ cờ bạc đánh bại trong ván xúc xắc và bị tước mất vương quyền. Ngài cùng Damayantī vào rừng; từ ngày ấy đến nay, không ai biết được tung tích của ngài.”

सःhe (that man)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्यूतेनby gambling / by dice-play
द्यूतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
जितःdefeated / conquered
जितः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive/resultative
क्रात्राby (his) brother
क्रात्रा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रातृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हृतtaken away / lost
हृत:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive/resultative
राज्यःkingdom
राज्यः:
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महीपतिःthe king / lord of the earth
महीपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दमयन्त्याwith Damayantī
दमयन्त्या:
Sahakari (Karana)
TypeNoun
Rootदमयन्ती
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
गतःgone
गतः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast active participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सार्धम्together (with)
सार्धम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसार्धम्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राज्ञायतwas known / became known
प्राज्ञायत:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperfect (लङ्), Ātmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive/impersonal sense: 'was known'
कस्यचित्to anyone / to someone (any)
कस्यचित्:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative, Singular, चित् (enclitic)

युदेव उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
N
Nala
D
Damayantī
D
dice-game (dyūta)
K
kingdom (rājya)
F
forest (vana)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical peril of gambling: a ruler’s lapse can lead to the loss of sovereignty and social order, and misfortune can drive even the great into exile. It also underscores steadfast companionship—Damayantī remains with Nala despite ruin—presenting fidelity and endurance as dharmic responses to adversity.

Yudhiṣṭhira summarizes Nala’s downfall: Nala is defeated in a dice-game, loses his kingdom, and leaves for the forest with Damayantī. Since then, no one has known where he is, setting up the search and the unfolding of Nala–Damayantī’s trials.