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Shloka 27

अध्याय ३३ — कर्म, दैव, हठ, स्वभाव और पुरुषार्थ पर द्रौपदी का उपदेश

Draupadī on Action, Fate, and Human Effort

तस्य धर्मार्थहीनस्य कामान्ते निधन ध्रुवम्‌ । कामतो रममाणस्य मीनस्येवाम्भस: क्षये,“जैसे पानी सूख जानेपर उसमें रहनेवाली मछलीकी मृत्यु निश्चित है, उसी प्रकार जो धर्म-अर्थसे हीन होकर केवल काममें ही रमण करता है, उस काम (भोगसामग्री)-की समाप्ति होनेपर उसकी भी अवश्य मृत्यु हो जाती है

tasya dharmārthahīnasya kāmānte nidhanaṃ dhruvam | kāmato ramamāṇasya mīnasyevāmbhasaḥ kṣaye ||

Với kẻ thiếu dharma và artha, cái chết ở cuối kāma là điều chắc chắn. Kẻ chỉ đắm mình trong dục lạc, khi những lạc thú ấy cạn kiệt, ắt cũng diệt vong—như con cá sống trong nước, nước khô thì chết không sai.

तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
धर्मार्थहीनस्यof one devoid of dharma and artha
धर्मार्थहीनस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मार्थहीन
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
कामान्तेat the end of desire/pleasure (resources)
कामान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकामान्त
Formmasculine, locative, singular
निधनम्death, destruction
निधनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिधन
Formneuter, nominative, singular
ध्रुवम्certain, inevitable
ध्रुवम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootध्रुव
Formneuter, nominative, singular
कामतःfrom/through desire; due to desire
कामतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
रममाणस्यof one delighting/indulging
रममाणस्य:
Sambandha
TypeVerb
Rootरम्
Formशानच् (present active participle, parasmaipada sense), masculine, genitive, singular
मीनस्यof a fish
मीनस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमीन
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अम्भसःof water
अम्भसः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootअम्भस्
Formneuter, genitive, singular
क्षयेat the depletion/drying up
क्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
Formmasculine, locative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
F
fish (mīna)
W
water (ambhas)

Educational Q&A

A life centered only on kāma (pleasure) while neglecting dharma (ethical duty) and artha (stable means/resources) is self-destructive: when pleasures or their supports end, ruin follows inevitably.

Vaiśampāyana delivers a moral warning using a vivid simile: as a fish cannot survive without water, a person who lives only for enjoyment cannot endure once the conditions for enjoyment are exhausted.