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Shloka 1

Devanagari script

हि मो न (0) हि २ 7 नवनवर्त्याधेक॑द्विशततमो< ध्याय: शाल्वदेशकी प्रजाके अनुरोधसे महाराज ट्ुमत्सेनका राज्याभिषेक कराना तथा सावित्रीको सौ पुत्रों और सौ भाइयोंकी प्राप्ति मार्कण्डेय उवाच तस्यां रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामुदिते सूर्यमण्डले । कृतपौर्वाह्निका: सर्वे समेयुस्ते तपोधना:,मार्कण्डेयजी कहते हैं--जब वह रात बीत गयी और सूर्यमण्डलका उदय हुआ, उस समय सब तपोधन ऋषिगण पूर्वाह्नकालका नित्यकृत्य पूरा करके पुनः उस आश्रममें एकत्र हुए

Transliteration

Mārkaṇḍeya uvāca: tasyāṁ rātryāṁ vyatītāyām uditē sūryamaṇḍale | kṛtapaurvāhṇikāḥ sarve samēyus te tapodhanāḥ ||

Translation

Mārkaṇḍeya nói: Khi đêm ấy đã qua và vầng nhật luân vừa mọc, tất cả các bậc khổ hạnh—sau khi hoàn tất các nghi lễ buổi sớm (nitya-karma)—lại tụ hội về nơi ẩn viện.

Word by Word

तस्याम्in that

रात्र्याम्night

व्यतीतायाम्having passed / elapsed

उदितेwhen (it) had risen

सूर्य-मण्डलेin the sun-disc / when the sun-disc (was) risen

कृत-पौर्वाह्निकाःhaving performed the forenoon rites

सर्वेall

समेयुःassembled / came together

तेthey

तपोधनाःascetics (whose wealth is austerity)

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Mārkaṇḍeya

sūryamaṇḍala

tapodhanāḥ (ṛṣis/ascetics)

āśrama (hermitage; implied by context)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharma as disciplined daily practice: the sages complete their prescribed morning observances before assembling, implying that spiritual instruction and communal deliberation rest on personal restraint, purity, and regular nitya-karmas.

What is happening in the narrative?

After the night ends and sunrise occurs, the ascetics who had dispersed for their morning duties return and reconvene at the hermitage, setting the stage for the continuation of Mārkaṇḍeya’s narration.