Shloka 41

अध्याय ३० — क्रोधदोषाः क्षमाप्रशंसा च

Defects of Anger and the Praise of Forbearance

Devanagari script

आर्यशास्त्रातिगे क्रूरे लुब्धे धर्मापचायिनि । धार्तरष्टे श्रियं दत्ता धाता कि फलमश्लुते,जो आर्यशास्त्रोंकी आज्ञाका उल्लंघन करनेवाला, क्रूर, लोभी तथा धर्मकी हानि करनेवाला है, उस धृतराष्ट्रपुत्र दुर्योधनको धन देकर विधाता क्या फल पाता है?

Transliteration

āryaśāstrātige krūre lubdhe dharmāpacāyini | dhārtarāṣṭre śriyaṃ dattā dhātā ki phalamaśnute ||

Translation

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Kẻ đã vượt khỏi khuôn phép của bậc Arya, tàn bạo, tham lam, làm suy hoại dharma—vậy mà Đấng Sắp Đặt lại ban phú quý cho con trai Dhṛtarāṣṭra. Khi trao vận may cho kẻ như thế, Đấng An Bài ấy thu được quả gì?”

Word by Word

• आर्यशास्त्रातिगे: in/with one who transgresses the noble scriptures
• आर्यशास्त्रातिगे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्यशास्त्रातिग (आर्यशास्त्र + अतिग)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• क्रूरे: in/with the cruel (one)
• क्रूरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रूर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• लुब्धे: in/with the greedy (one)
• लुब्धे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लुब्ध
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• धर्मापचायिनि: in/with one who causes the decline of dharma
• धर्मापचायिनि: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मापचायिन् (धर्म + अपचायिन्)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• धार्तराष्ट्रे: in/with the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
• धार्तराष्ट्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• श्रियम्: prosperity, wealth
• श्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• दत्ता: having given / (when) given
• दत्ता: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• धाता: the Creator, Dispenser (Fate)
• धाता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• किम्: what
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• फलम्: fruit, result
• फलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फल
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अश्नुते: obtains, enjoys
• अश्नुते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Ātmanepada, 3rd, Singular

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Dhātā (the Creator/Providence)
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Duryodhana (implied by 'dhārtarāṣṭra')
• Śrī (prosperity/fortune)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse raises the classic ethical problem of undeserved prosperity: when fortune seems to favor a person who violates noble law and harms dharma, it provokes reflection on divine order, the timing of karmic results, and the limits of human understanding of providence.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the forest-exile context, Yudhiṣṭhira laments the apparent success of the Kaurava side—especially Duryodhana—despite his cruelty and greed, and questions what purpose Providence serves by granting him wealth and royal splendor.