Shloka 48

Adhiratha-Rādhā Discover the Casket; Vasuṣeṇa (Karṇa) is Adopted and Formed

Devanagari script

उवाच परमप्रीत: सुहृन्मध्य इदं वच: । देवगन्धर्वयक्षाणां मानुषासुरभोगिनाम्‌

Transliteration

uvāca paramaprītaḥ suhṛn-madhya idaṁ vacaḥ | deva-gandharva-yakṣāṇāṁ mānuṣāsura-bhoginām

Translation

Markandeya nói: Giữa vòng bằng hữu, lòng tràn đầy hoan hỷ, ngài cất lời—những lời bàn về khoái lạc và cảnh giới trải nghiệm của chư thiên, Gandharva, Yakṣa, loài người và Asura.

Word by Word

• उवाच: said/spoke
• उवाच: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: लिट् (परोक्शभूत/परफेक्ट), 3, singular, परस्मैपदम्

• परमप्रीतः: extremely pleased
• परमप्रीतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परमप्रीत (परम + प्रीत)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• सुहृत्-मध्ये: in the midst of friends
• सुहृत्-मध्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृत् + मध्य
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• वचः: speech/words
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• देव-गन्धर्व-यक्षाणाम्: of the gods, Gandharvas, and Yakshas
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव + गन्धर्व + यक्ष
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• मानुष-असुर-भोगिनाम्: of humans, Asuras, and serpents (bhogins)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष + असुर + भोगिन्
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• devas
• gandharvas
• yakṣas
• humans (mānuṣas)
• asuras

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames a discourse about the differing modes of enjoyment and lived experience (bhoga) across various orders of beings—gods, semi-divines, humans, and Asuras—suggesting a moral-cosmological reflection on how pleasure and status vary by realm and nature.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya reports that a speaker, delighted and seated among friends, begins speaking; the topic introduced is the enjoyments or experiential domains of devas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, humans, and Asuras, setting up the content of the ensuing passage.