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Shloka 28

Pṛthā’s Atithi-Sevā and the Gift of the Deva-Āhvāna Mantra (पृथायाः अतिथिसेवा तथा देवाह्वानमन्त्रप्रदानम्)

ततः प्रावर्तत पुन: संग्राम: कटुकोदय: । रामरावणसैन्यानामन्योन्यमभिधावताम्‌,तदनन्तर श्रीराम और रावणकी सेनाओंमें परस्पर आक्रमणपूर्वक भीषण संग्राम आरम्भ हो गया जो कटु परिणामका जनक था

tataḥ prāvartata punaḥ saṅgrāmaḥ kaṭukodayaḥ | rāmarāvaṇasainyānām anyonyam abhidhāvatām |

Rồi trận chiến lại bùng lên—dữ dội và báo trước một kết cục đắng cay—khi quân của Rāma và Rāvaṇa lao vào nhau trong những đợt xung kích tương tàn. Một khi bạo lực được khơi lại, nó thường chín thành hậu quả cay nghiệt cho tất cả.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/then')
प्रावर्ततbegan/started
प्रावर्तत:
TypeVerb
Root√वृत् (वर्तते)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
FormAvyaya
संग्रामःbattle
संग्रामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
कटुकोदयःhaving a bitter outcome
कटुकोदयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकटुकोदय
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (agreeing with संग्रामः)
रामरावणसैन्यानाम्of the armies of Rama and Ravana
रामरावणसैन्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराम-रावण-सैन्य
FormNeuter, genitive, plural
अन्योन्यम्mutually/each other
अन्योन्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
FormAvyaya (adverbial accusative: 'mutually')
अभिधावताम्of (those) rushing/charging (at each other)
अभिधावताम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-√धाव्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), genitive plural (agreeing with सैन्यानाम्)

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
R
Rāma
R
Rāvaṇa
A
armies of Rāma
A
armies of Rāvaṇa
S
saṅgrāma (battle)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral gravity of renewed aggression: once hostility is re-ignited, it tends to generate ‘bitter outcomes’ (kaṭukodayaḥ). Even when war is framed within kṣatriya contexts, the text signals the inevitability of painful consequences when mutual assault becomes the chosen path.

Mārkaṇḍeya describes the fighting resuming: the forces of Rāma and Rāvaṇa charge at each other, and a terrifying battle begins again, characterized as leading to harsh results.