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Shloka 22

Sāvitrī’s Report and Nārada’s Prognosis (सावित्र्याख्यान—सत्यवान्-गुणवर्णनं तथा अल्पायुषः पूर्वसूचना)

राजोवाच वरं ददानि ते हन्त तद्‌ गृहाण यदिच्छसि । अवध्यो वध्यतां कोडउ्द्य वध्य: कोउ्द्य विमुच्यताम्‌

rājovāca varaṃ dadāni te hanta tad gṛhāṇa yad icchasi | avadhyo vadhyatāṃ ko 'dya vadhyaḥ ko 'dya vimucyatām |

Nhà vua nói: “Đến đây, ta ban cho nàng một ân huệ—hãy nhận điều nàng ước muốn. Hãy bảo ta: hôm nay, theo lời nàng, ai sẽ bị trừng phạt dù vốn không đáng bị phạt, và ai—dù đáng bị phạt—sẽ được tha? (Nói đi, ắt sẽ thành.)” Lời ấy đặt quyền lực vương giả như một quyền tùy nghi, nhưng ngầm thử xem điều được xin có thuận theo dharma hay chỉ là bốc đồng và thiên vị.

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वरम्a boon
वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददानिI give
ददानि:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
हन्तcome!/well then!/indeed
हन्त:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहन्त
तत्that (boon)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गृहाणtake (it)
गृहाण:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यत्whatever (which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छसिyou desire
इच्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अवध्यःone not to be slain
अवध्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवध्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वध्यताम्let (him) be slain
वध्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवध्
FormImperative (passive), 3rd, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उद्यnow/today (particle)
उद्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउद्य
वध्यःone fit to be slain
वध्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवध्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उद्यnow/today (particle)
उद्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउद्य
विमुच्यताम्let (him) be released
विमुच्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormImperative (passive), 3rd, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

R
rājā (the king)
B
boon (vara)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s power to punish or release is immense and must be exercised through dharma. The verse highlights how a ‘boon’ can become an ethical test: the request should not subvert justice, and the king’s discretion must be restrained by righteous norms rather than personal preference.

A king offers a boon and invites the recipient to state any desire. He explicitly extends this to judicial acts—punishing someone normally exempt or freeing someone normally punishable—thereby signaling both his authority and the moral weight of what the recipient might ask.