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Shloka 5

Draupadī’s Rebuke of Jayadratha and Dhaumya’s Admonition (Āraṇyaka-parva, Adhyāya 252)

अतिभीरुमतिकक्‍लीबं दीर्घसूत्रं प्रमादिनम्‌ । व्यसनाद्‌ विषयाक्रान्तं न भजन्ति नृपं प्रजा:

atibhīrumati-kaklībaṁ dīrghasūtraṁ pramādinam | vyasanād viṣayākrāntaṁ na bhajanti nṛpaṁ prajāḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: Dân chúng không tôn nhận làm quân vương kẻ có tâm trí quá đỗi khiếp nhược—hèn yếu, bạc khí phách, chần chừ dây dưa, lơ là phóng dật, lại vì thói xấu mà bị dục lạc chế ngự. Người ấy thất bại ngay trong kỷ cương của vương đạo, nên mất lòng trung thuận của thần dân.

अतिभीरुम्very timid
अतिभीरुम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिभीरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अतिकक्लीबम्utterly cowardly/impotent in spirit
अतिकक्लीबम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिकक्लीब
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दीर्घसूत्रम्procrastinating/slow to act
दीर्घसूत्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदीर्घसूत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रमादिनम्careless/negligent
प्रमादिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमादिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यसनात्from vice/addiction
व्यसनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यसन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
विषयाक्रान्तम्overpowered by sense-objects
विषयाक्रान्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविषय-आक्रान्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भजन्तिthey serve/accept (as lord)
भजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभज्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
नृपम्king
नृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
N
nṛpa (king)
P
prajāḥ (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy depends on inner discipline and decisive courage. If a king is ruled by fear, procrastination, negligence, and addictions to pleasures, the people naturally withdraw allegiance; kingship requires self-mastery before mastery of the realm.

Vaiśampāyana states a general principle of rājadharma: the populace does not accept as sovereign a king who is timid, irresolute, and dominated by vices and sense-enjoyments. The verse functions as ethical-political instruction about the standards expected of a ruler.