Shloka 31

Duryodhana’s Śaraṇāgati and the Pāṇḍavas’ Resolve

Gandharva Encounter

Devanagari script

तस्मिन्‌ रथे पशुपति: स्थितो भात्युमया सह

Transliteration

tasmin rathe paśupatiḥ sthito bhāty umayā saha

Translation

Trên cỗ chiến xa ấy, Paśupati (Śiva) ngự đó, rạng ngời cùng Umā—một hình tượng báo hiệu sự che chở của thần linh và sự hiện diện cát tường của Đấng cai quản muôn loài.

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: in that
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• रथे: in the chariot
• रथे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• पशुपतिः: Pashupati (Lord of beings; Shiva)
• पशुपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशुपति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्थितः: standing/seated; having taken position
• स्थितः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) → स्थित (क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भाति: shines/appears
• भाति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: भा
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Singular

• उमया: with Uma (Parvati)
• उमया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उमा
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• सह: together with
• सह: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• मार्कण्डेय (Mārkaṇḍeya)
• पशुपति (Paśupati/Śiva)
• उमा (Umā/Pārvatī)
• रथ (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds the auspicious and protective power of divine presence: when Śiva (Paśupati) is envisioned as manifest and radiant—especially together with Umā—it signifies order, blessing, and the safeguarding of beings under the Lord of creatures.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya describes a striking scene: on a particular chariot, Śiva is seen standing and shining, accompanied by Umā. The line functions as a vivid visual marker of a theophany or divinely charged moment within the story.