Shloka 25

Draupadī’s Instruction on Marital Conduct and Household Discipline (चित्तग्रहण-उपदेश)

Devanagari script

भारती सुप्रयोगा च कावेरी मुर्मुरा तथा । तुड़्वेणा कृष्णवेणा कपिला शोण एव च

Transliteration

bhāratī suprayogā ca kāverī murmūrā tathā | tuḍveṇā kṛṣṇaveṇā kapilā śoṇa eva ca ||

Translation

Mārkaṇḍeya nói: “Có các sông Bhāratī và Suprayogā, lại có Kāverī và Murmūrā; cũng vậy có Tuḍveṇā, Kṛṣṇaveṇā, Kapilā, và cả sông Śoṇa.” Trong đoạn này, việc bậc hiền triết liệt kê các dòng sông linh thiêng vận hành như một bản đồ đạo đức–địa lý: nó chỉ cho người nghe đến những tīrtha, nơi người ta tìm sự thanh tẩy, tự chế và sự phục hưng dharma qua hành hương và tưởng niệm dòng nước thánh.

Word by Word

• भारती: Bhāratī (a river/name)
• भारती: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारती
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सुप्रयोगा: Suprayogā (well-applied/auspiciously flowing; a river/name)
• सुप्रयोगा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुप्रयोगा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कावेरी: Kāverī (river)
• कावेरी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कावेरी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• मुर्मुरा: Murmurā (river/name)
• मुर्मुरा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुर्मुरा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• तुड्वेणा: Tuḍveṇā (river/name)
• तुड्वेणा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुड्वेणा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• कृष्णवेणा: Kṛṣṇaveṇā (the dark Veṇā; river/name)
• कृष्णवेणा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्णवेणा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• कपिला: Kapilā (river/name)
• कपिला: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपिला
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• शोणः: Śoṇa (river)
• शोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• Bhāratī (river)
• Suprayogā (river)
• Kāverī (river)
• Murmūrā (river)
• Tuḍveṇā (river)
• Kṛṣṇaveṇā (river)
• Kapilā (river)
• Śoṇa (river)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse reinforces the Mahābhārata’s tīrtha ethos: remembering and visiting sacred rivers is presented as a means of inner cleansing and recommitment to dharma—cultivating restraint, truthfulness, and ethical renewal through contact with sanctifying places.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya is enumerating rivers as part of a broader description of holy places (tīrthas). The verse is a segment of that catalogue, naming multiple rivers revered as spiritually efficacious.